Sharing of antigens between Plasmodium falciparum and Anopheles albimanus

Wide, Albina; Capaldo, Jacinta; Zerpa, Noraida; Pabón, Rosalba; Noda, Alfredo; Noya, B Alarcón de; González, José J.; Noya, Óscar

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652006000600005

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 41 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…A first hypothesis is a cross-reaction with a protein within the mosquito itself [12]. It has indeed been shown that the sera of rabbits immunized with the SPf66 malaria vaccine (containing the NANP-repeat of the CSP protein of P. falciparum ) recognized several unidentified proteins of Anopheles albimanus [34]. However, if a constitutively expressed mosquito protein would be responsible for the reported false positivity, it would be observed systematically in a certain species, a higher number of false positives would be expected, and it would not explain the seasonal variation of the false positivity observed in South-Africa [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

False positive circumsporozoite protein ELISA: a challenge for the estimation of the entomological inoculation rate of malaria and for vector incrimination

Durnez

Bortel

Denis

et al. 2011

Malar J

111

127

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BackgroundThe entomological inoculation rate (EIR) is an important indicator in estimating malaria transmission and the impact of vector control. To assess the EIR, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is increasingly used. However, several studies have reported false positive results in this ELISA. The false positive results could lead to an overestimation of the EIR. The aim of present study was to estimate the level of false positivity among different anopheline species in Cambodia and Vietnam and to check for the presence of other parasites that might interact with the anti-CSP monoclonal antibodies.MethodsMosquitoes collected in Cambodia and Vietnam were identified and tested for the presence of sporozoites in head and thorax by using CSP-ELISA. ELISA positive samples were confirmed by a Plasmodium specific PCR. False positive mosquitoes were checked by PCR for the presence of parasites belonging to the Haemosporidia, Trypanosomatidae, Piroplasmida, and Haemogregarines. The heat-stability and the presence of the cross-reacting antigen in the abdomen of the mosquitoes were also checked.ResultsSpecimens (N = 16,160) of seven anopheline species were tested by CSP-ELISA for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax (Pv210 and Pv247). Two new vector species were identified for the region: Anopheles pampanai (P. vivax) and Anopheles barbirostris (Plasmodium malariae). In 88% (155/176) of the mosquitoes found positive with the P. falciparum CSP-ELISA, the presence of Plasmodium sporozoites could not be confirmed by PCR. This percentage was much lower (28% or 5/18) for P. vivax CSP-ELISAs. False positive CSP-ELISA results were associated with zoophilic mosquito species. None of the targeted parasites could be detected in these CSP-ELISA false positive mosquitoes. The ELISA reacting antigen of P. falciparum was heat-stable in CSP-ELISA true positive specimens, but not in the false positives. The heat-unstable cross-reacting antigen is mainly present in head and thorax and almost absent in the abdomens (4 out of 147) of the false positive specimens.ConclusionThe CSP-ELISA can considerably overestimate the EIR, particularly for P. falciparum and for zoophilic species. The heat-unstable cross-reacting antigen in false positives remains unknown. Therefore it is highly recommended to confirm all positive CSP-ELISA results, either by re-analysing the heated ELISA lysate (100°C, 10 min), or by performing Plasmodium specific PCR followed if possible by sequencing of the amplicons for Plasmodium species determination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

False positive circumsporozoite protein ELISA: a challenge for the estimation of the entomological inoculation rate of malaria and for vector incrimination

Durnez

Bortel

Denis

et al. 2011

Malar J

111

127

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Improvements and Variants of the Multiple Antigen Blot Assay-MABA: An Immunoenzymatic Technique for Simultaneous Antigen and Antibody Screening

Noya

Losada

Toledo

et al. 2015

Methods in Molecular Biology

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This simple, versatile, reliable, reproducible, multipurpose, and inexpensive technique is based on the adhesion of different antigens to a single nitrocellulose strip using, as template, an acrylic device containing 28 parallel channels. The inclusion of channels containing normal human serum improves the quality control of this assay. Antigen-sensitized nitrocellulose strips are cut perpendicularly to the antigen-rows, exposed to immune sera followed by the appropriate conjugate. Positive signals are recorded using chemiluminescent or precipitable colorimetric substrates. This assay allows the simultaneous qualitative demonstration of antigenicity and immunogenicity of antigens obtained as synthetic peptides, recombinant molecules, or crude preparations, with high sensitivity and specificity. Its major value is based on the rapid and simultaneous comparative evaluation of various antigenic preparations allowing the diagnosis of a variety of infectious, allergic, and autoimmune diseases. It can in general be used to detect any type of antibody or circulating antigen. Some improvements and variants of the original technique are included.

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The Multiple Antigen Blot Assay: A Simple, Versatile and Multipurpose Immunoenzymatic Technique

Noya

Losada

Toledo

et al. 2009

Methods in Molecular Biology

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This technique is based on the sensitization of different antigens in a single nitrocellulose strip, which react when exposed to an immune serum and thereafter with the appropriate peroxidase conjugate and the corresponding substrate. Signals in those reactive spots are recorded as black squares in a negative photographic film, using a chemiluminiscent substrate or as blue spots when a precipitable colorimetric substrate is used. This technique allows the simultaneous demonstration of antigenicity of different antigens (peptides, recombinant molecules, and crude preparations), with a high sensitivity and specificity. Its major value is based on its versatility, since it is possible to rapidly evaluate and to compare various antigenic preparations and to use it for diagnosis of different infectious, allergic and autoimmune diseases, at a low cost.

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Sharing of antigens between Plasmodium falciparum and Anopheles albimanus

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

False positive circumsporozoite protein ELISA: a challenge for the estimation of the entomological inoculation rate of malaria and for vector incrimination

False positive circumsporozoite protein ELISA: a challenge for the estimation of the entomological inoculation rate of malaria and for vector incrimination

Improvements and Variants of the Multiple Antigen Blot Assay-MABA: An Immunoenzymatic Technique for Simultaneous Antigen and Antibody Screening

The Multiple Antigen Blot Assay: A Simple, Versatile and Multipurpose Immunoenzymatic Technique

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