Cryptosporidiosis among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Maracaibo, Venezuela

Chacín-Bonilla, Leonor; Guanipa, Neuro; Raleigh, Xiomara; Cano, Georgina; Quijada, Luis

doi:10.1590/s0036-46651991000400016

Cited by 3 publications

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“…is the most common parasite in HIV-infected patients with diarrhea in Venezuela and high infection rates have been observed. 24,35,36 The prevalence of C. cayetanensis was similar to that previously reported in AIDS patients from this area. 36 Isospora belli, which is rare in the general population, was common in our patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Microsporidiosis in Venezuela: Prevalence of Intestinal Microsporidiosis and Its Contribution to Diarrhea in a Group of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–infected Patients From Zulia State

Chacín-Bonilla

Panunzio²,

Monsalve-Castillo³

et al. 2006

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Microsporidia are recognized as a cause of morbidity among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Infection rates for intestinal microsporidiosis in HIV-infected patients from Venezuela are unknown. To determine the prevalence and pathogenic role of microsporidia in these patients in northwestern Venezuela, a case control study was conducted in 103 outpatients (mean +/- SD age = 37.3 +/- 5.6 years). Microsporidia were detected using unconcentrated formalin-fixed stools examined by Weber's chromotrope-based staining method. For identification of coccidia, modified Ziehl-Neelsen carbolfuchsin staining of formalin-ether concentrates were used, and for other pathogenic parasites, iron hematoxylin-stained smears and formalin-ether concentrates were examined. Microsporidial infections were detected in 14 (13.6%) of 103 patients and 39 (37.9%) had other parasitic pathogens. No significant difference was noted in the occurrence of the infection in patients with diarrhea (13 of 74, 17.6%) and controls (1 of 29, 3.4%) (P = 0.118). Nevertheless, this result may be due to the small sample size (n = 14) of infected individuals. The proportions of other pathogens in patients with or without diarrhea were not significantly different (P = 0.828). Microsporidiosis is common among the HIV-infected population in northwestern Venezuela. However, its pathogenic role in these patients is uncertain and warrants further investigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Microsporidiosis in Venezuela: Prevalence of Intestinal Microsporidiosis and Its Contribution to Diarrhea in a Group of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–infected Patients From Zulia State

Chacín-Bonilla

Panunzio²,

Monsalve-Castillo³

et al. 2006

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…As in Haiti, 8 this result might be due, at least in part, by the infrequent use of TMP-SMX in our patients; in Venezuela, the use of this drug combination for P. carinii or Toxoplasma prophylaxis is uncommon. The high prevalence (35.2%) of Cryptosporidium parvum in this study is in agreement with a regional report 13 and studies from other countries 8,16,18,20 showing that this parasite is predominant in diarrheal disease associated with AIDS. This fact and the relatively low rate of Cyclospora infection compared with that of Cryptosporidium in this study and that from Haiti 8 , where the use of TMP-SMX prophylaxis is uncommon, might be explained in part by some differences in the mechanisms of transmission of both coccidia.…”

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confidence: 93%

“…Studies on the prevalence of this coccidium in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in children with diarrhea studied from 1990 to 1993 have been reported. 13,14 In subsequent years, C. cayetanensis has emerged as another human pathogen. Therefore, to assess the prevalence and importance of this parasite in diarrheal patients, a retrospective study was designed involving both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients attending our laboratory over a two-year period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclospora cayetanensis infections among diarrheal patients from Venezuela.

Chacín-Bonilla

Estévez²,

Monsalve³

et al. 2001

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The prevalence and importance of Cyclospora cayetanensis as an enteropathogen among 71 patients (22-45 years old) with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 132 children with diarrhea (0-12 years old) from Venezuela was assessed retrospectively. Two to three stool samples from each patient attending our parasitology laboratory for parasitologic and medical assistance were examined. For identification of the coccidium, modified Ziehl-Neelsen carbolfuchsin staining of formalin-ether stool concentrates was used, and for other intestinal parasites, iron-hematoxylin-stained smears and formalin-ether concentrates were examined. Cyclospora oocysts were found in seven (9.8%) of 71 AIDS patients and seven (5.3%) of 132 children with diarrhea. Other pathogenic parasites were present in most of the patients (9 of 14, 64.3%) shedding oocysts. Cyclosporiasis predominated in children 2-5 years of age with respect to those Յ one year of age (P Ͻ 0.05). The findings suggest that C. cayetanensis is common in diarrheal patients from Venezuela. However, the role of the parasite as the causal agent of diarrhea in these patients is uncertain.

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Human cryptosporidiosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2017

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Cryptosporidiosis caused by Cryptosporidium spp. is an important parasitic disease that can be life-threatening for children and immunocompromised patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to determine the prevalence rate of Cryptosporidium infection and related risk factors among the Iranian general population. We searched electronic databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Proquest for articles in English and SID, Magiran, IranMedex, and IranDoc for articles in Persian. Out of 4816 studies identified in the electronic search, 94 articles were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The prevalence rate of cryptosporidiosis by using the random effect model among children, healthy people, and gastroenteritis and immunocompromised patients in Iran was estimated as 3.65, 2.94, 1.29, and 4.54%, respectively. Findings of a phylogenetic analysis inferred by gp60 and 18S ribosomal RNA markers indicated that most of the infection rate belonged to C. parvum (particularly subtype IIaA15G2R1) and C. hominis among understudied groups. The present study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis providing a comprehensive view of the prevalence of human cryptosporidiosis and its related risk factors in Iran. It seems that the awareness of Cryptosporidium prevalence, risk factors, and disease complications may be required for developing effective strategies to prevent infection.

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Cryptosporidiosis among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Maracaibo, Venezuela

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Microsporidiosis in Venezuela: Prevalence of Intestinal Microsporidiosis and Its Contribution to Diarrhea in a Group of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–infected Patients From Zulia State

Microsporidiosis in Venezuela: Prevalence of Intestinal Microsporidiosis and Its Contribution to Diarrhea in a Group of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–infected Patients From Zulia State

Cyclospora cayetanensis infections among diarrheal patients from Venezuela.

Human cryptosporidiosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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