Surto de leptospirose humana por atividade recreacional no município de José dos Campos, São Paulo: estudo soroepidemiológico

Lima, Selma Coutinho de; Sakata, Elena Emiko; Santo, Carlos Eduardo da Rocha; Yasuda, Paulo Hideki; Stiliano, Silvana Valverde; Ribeiro, Fátima Aparecida

doi:10.1590/s0036-46651990000600014

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Leptospirosis diagnosis was positive to Pomona serovar, which reservoirs are usually swine. Epidemiological and laboratorial data suggest that the source of the outbreak was water from the swimming pool contaminated with swine manure, since about 1.5 km from the club the stream passed through a sty (66).…”

Section: Recreational Aspectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between environment, wild animals and human leptospirosis

Ullmann¹,

Langoni²

2011

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Leptospirosis, a worldwide distributed zoononis caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira (antigenically classified into serovars), may be direct or indirectly transmitted through infected urine or environment. Several domestic and wild animals are leptospirosis reservoirs. The disease presents occupational character since it is widely reported in professionals that work in humid environments -such as sewage workers and fishermen -and in places where rodents or susceptible animals are found, like slaughterhouses and veterinary clinics. In developing countries, outbreaks are related to lack of sanitation, overcrowding in inadequate housing and climatic conditions. In developed countries, sporadic cases occur in aquatic recreational activities including swimming and triathlon. The diagnosis of leptospirosis is complex due to the variety of symptoms, disease severity and the lack of techniques that are able to early detect the infection. Thus, leptospirosis causes numerous public health problems and educational activities are very important to its control.

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Section: Recreational Aspectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between environment, wild animals and human leptospirosis

Ullmann¹,

Langoni²

2011

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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“…The disease occurs in wild and domesticated animals, both of which can be a source of human infection. Exposures that occur during flooding events are the main risk factors of human leptospirosis in Brazil (1,3,14,22). In São Paulo State, Brazil, 13,620 cases have been reported in the last 20 years (ftp://ftp.cve.saude.sp.gov.br/doc_tec/zoo /lepto09_perfil.pdf).…”

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of Multilocus Sequence Typing for Identification of Leptospira Isolates in Brazil

2011

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A collection of 101 Leptospira isolates was tested by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and by traditional serotyping. MLST divided the isolates into 4 sequence types (STs), while serotyping classified them into 6 serogroups. Two isolates failed to generate products for some genes by MLST. MLST was less discriminatory than serotyping for uncommonly occurring isolates from humans in Brazil.Leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic leptospires, is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases known. The genus Leptospira is divided into 20 species with more than 200 pathogenic serovars organized into 24 serogroups on the basis of antigenic relatedness (2,9,13,30). The disease occurs in wild and domesticated animals, both of which can be a source of human infection. Exposures that occur during flooding events are the main risk factors of human leptospirosis in Brazil (1,3,14,22). In São Paulo State, Brazil, 13,620 cases have been reported in the last 20 years (ftp://ftp.cve.saude.sp.gov.br/doc_tec/zoo /lepto09_perfil.pdf). However, information about circulating isolates of Leptospira spp. in Brazil is limited. Identification of isolates to the serovar level is essential for understanding the epidemiology of the disease in both humans and animals.Since certain serovars are often associated with specific mammalian hosts and with the symptoms and severity of the disease, the identification of the serovar usually permits the prediction of sources of infection, thereby enabling control of the spread of the disease (17). Monitoring the serovars and genetic profiles of strains collected over time and from different regions is also important to better understand the current circulating Leptospira population worldwide. Isolate discrimination can be performed by a microagglutination test (MAT) at the serogroup level and by a cross-agglutinin absorption test (CAAT) at the serovar level (5). However, performing those methods is tedious, as live cultures of collection strains must be maintained for use as antigens and rabbit hyperimmune sera are required. Although identification by serotyping is valuable, molecular methods with higher reproducibility and discriminatory power may be more useful in epidemiological investigations.New molecular methods such as multilocus sequence typing (MLST) have been recently developed and applied to the study of many bacterial species (4,6,7,15,18). MLST is a simple PCR-based technique that makes use of automated DNA sequencers to assign and characterize the alleles present in different target genes. The method allows one to generate sequence data on a low-to high-throughput scale that is unambiguous and suitable for epidemiological and population studies. The selected loci are generally housekeeping genes, which evolve very slowly over an evolutionary time scale (8).Our goal was to evaluate the discriminatory power of MLST compared to serotyping using a set of Brazilian human isolates. A total of 101 Leptospira clinical strains (95 from blood, 5 from cerebrospinal fluid, and 1 from urine) isolated fro...

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“…Quanto ao ambiente silvestre, estudos têm mostrado diversos animais selvagens com anticorpos positivos para a doença, o que contribui para a permanência da infecção neste ciclo (Souza Júnior et al, 2006;Jansen et al, 2007). Há relatos de casos de leptospirose humana contraída neste ambiente, associados com atividades de recreação em águas naturais que são utilizadas por animais silvestres e de produção pecuária (Lima et al, 1990;Sarkar et al, 2002;Tassinari et al, 2004;Jansen et al;Brown et al, 2008). Observa-se uma estreita relação entre determinados sorovares e algumas espécies animais.…”

Section: Fontes De Infecção Da Doençaunclassified