Inadequação do consumo de nutrientes entre adolescentes brasileiros

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: to assess energy and nutrient consumption and the prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake among Brazilian adolescents. METHODS:A random sample composed of 6,797 adolescents (49.7% girls), between 10 and 18 years old, was evaluated in the fi rst National Dietary Survey, part of the Household Budget Survey carried out in [2008][2009]. Expansion factors, sample complexity design and correction of intraindividual variability were considered. The prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake was based on the proportion of adolescents with intake below the Estimated Average Requirement. The prevalence of intake above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) was estimated for sodium. RESULTS:The mean energy intake ranged between 1,869 kcal (10 to 13 year old females) and 2,198 kcal (14 to 18 year old males). Of the total energy intake, 57% came from carbohydrates, 27% from lipids and about 16% from proteins. Inadequacies were higher for calcium (> 95%), phosphorous (54% to 69%) and vitamins A (66% to 85%), E (100%) and C (27% to 49%). More than 70% of adolescents reported sodium intake above the UL. CONCLUSIONS:Mean energy consumption and distribution of macronutrients were adequate, but prevalence of inadequate vitamin and mineral intake were high and notable consumption of sodium above the recommended levels, low levels of calcium consumption and, in 14 to 18 year old females, important inadequacies in iron intake were found.

Dairy products consumption in Brazil is associated with socioeconomic and demographic factors: Results from the National Dietary Survey 2008-2009

“…Dietary intake of Brazilians is often far from the nutritional recommendations, characterized by a low intake of fiber, vitamins and other minerals and high intake of saturated fat, added sugar and sodium [1][2][3]6 . In fact, several studies showed a low intake of fruits and vegetables and high intake of foods and beverages with high energetic value and low nutrient density as snacks, pizzas and sugar-sweetened beverages (sodas, soft drinks and juices) in Brazil 4,45,46 .…”

“…In the specific cases of vitamins A, C, D and E and calcium, inadequate intake surpasses the levels of 65%, 30%, 98%, 99% and 84%, respectively [1][2][3] . A recent change in feeding habits could help explain these findings.…”

Evolução da ingestão de energia e nutrientes de adolescentes de escolas públicas de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 2003-2008

“…Além disso, dados do Inquérito Nacional de Alimentação 2 , realizado em conjunto com a Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares de 2008-2009(POF 2008-2009 1 , revelaram elevadas prevalências de inadequação na ingestão de micronutrientes, especialmente cálcio e sódio, entre adolescentes 5 .…”

Impact of the Bolsa Família Program on energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes: Study of the Northeast and Southeast

“…When the impact of the PBF on the energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes of adolescents from the Northeast and Southeast regions were compared, the impact, especially on the intakes of lipids, carbohydrates, added sugar, and sodium, was higher in the Southeast. According to the abovementioned discussion, food sources of these nutrients comprise mainly processed and ultra-processed foods, whose intakes are associated with income and presence of food outlet chains that sell these foods 20,30 .…”