Saúde e desenvolvimento no Brasil: avanços e desafios

Abstract

A sustentabilidade estrutural do sistema de saúde brasileiro remete ao padrão de desenvolvimento do País em função de como este se expressa e reproduz na saúde de sua população. Isso decorre não somente de sua dimensão social como também da econômica, uma vez que responde por parcela signifi cativa do produto interno bruto e da criação de empregos, e exerce relevante impacto na geração de inovação e competitividade nacional. O governo federal tem institucionalizado o papel da saúde na agenda de desenvolvimento nacional devido a seu caráter estratégico. A despeito disso, a fragilidade de sua base produtiva continua confi gurando importante vulnerabilidade para o Sistema Nacional de Saúde e para uma inserção competitiva em ambiente globalizado, sinalizando que a efetivação virtuosa da relação entre saúde e desenvolvimento envolve uma ruptura de paradigmas cognitivos e políticos que separam, de forma estanque, a ordem econômica da social. DESCRITORES: ABSTRACTThe structural sustainability of the Brazilian health system refers to the country's pattern of development according to how this pattern is expressed and reproduced in the Brazilian population. This derives not only from its social dimension, but also from the economic one, as it accounts for a signifi cant part of the gross domestic product and of job creation, and produces a great impact on the generation of innovation and national competitiveness. The federal government has institutionalized the role of health in the national development agenda due to its strategic aspect. Despite this, the fragility of its productive base continues to be a major vulnerability for the National Health System and for Brazil's competitiveness in a global environment. This signals that the virtuous establishment of the relation between health and development involves the rupture of cognitive and political paradigms that separate, in an impermeable way, the economic from the social order.

Windows of opportunities and technological innovation in the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry

“…The effectiveness of Brazilian National Health Innovation System (SNIS) is limited, among other factors, by low communication rate between the organizations and institutions in the SNIS, contrary to the trend in more mature innovation systems 29 . In addition, structural problems in Brazilian society such as extreme inequality, poor quality of education, precarious infrastructure, precarious information technology in the national territory, and an adverse tax system vis-à-vis productivity also affect and limit the capacity to produce and innovate Brazilian health industries 20,30 . In technological terms, the country has witnessed the growing leadership of biotechnology in the health area, which involves, for example, the use of genetic engineering for the production of biopharmaceuticals, vaccines, and gene therapy, besides the application of pharmacogenetics tools, aimed at the development of more personalized therapies 8 .…”

“…In technological terms, the country has witnessed the growing leadership of biotechnology in the health area, which involves, for example, the use of genetic engineering for the production of biopharmaceuticals, vaccines, and gene therapy, besides the application of pharmacogenetics tools, aimed at the development of more personalized therapies 8 . Recent years have seen various guidelines and policy tools, reflected in an increase in funding for the development of the pharmaceutical sector and the HEIC as a whole, emphasizing the need to implement mechanisms to stimulate health innovation and intensify technology transfer to domestic public laboratories 30 .…”

Development policy for the Brazilian health industry and qualification of national public laboratories

“…Gadelha & Costa 43 identified other obstacles to the effectiveness of the PDP: lack of expertise in the processes of technology transfer from the private sector to the public sector and limitation of public producers in relation to technical competency, laboratories' management capacity, and good manufacturing practices of Anvisa.…”

Complexo Econômico-Industrial da Saúde

“…• No intuito de fortalecer a indústria nacional e promover a substituição de importações de produtos e insumos em saúde, o Decreto n. 7.546/11 prevê margem de preferência de até 25% para a compra de produtos nacionais em âmbito federal 16 .…”

“…Atualmente, há mais de trinta parcerias estabelecidas entre laboratórios públicos e privados. Um marco importante nesse contexto foi a produção nacional do efavirenz em 2009, via licenciamento compulsório 16 .…”