Magnitude e tendência da epidemia de Aids em municípios brasileiros de 2002-2006

Abstract

and 420 (10.0%) of "great magnitude" (mean = 378.7 cases). Cases of "small magnitude" were associated with lower incidence; beginning of the epidemic after 1991; presence of one or two types of transmission; especially heterosexual contact; with occurrences of cases in one or two years of the period; and lower human development index (HDI). Those of a "great magnitude" were associated with larger cities and higher HDI; presence of all types of transmission; beginning of the epidemic between 1980/1991; and trend towards reduction/stabilization, especially due to a decrease in transmission among injecting drug users. Growth of the epidemic was concentrated in "small magnitude" cities, although without signifi cance to the point of changing proportional participation (8.7%) of these cities in the group of cases in Brazil. CONCLUSIONS:The AIDS epidemic remains concentrated in urban centers and the spread of cases to the countryside is characterized by irregular occurrence and small magnitude. Cities with low HDI and exclusive transmission through heterosexual contact showed low capacity of increase and the reduction of the epidemic is especially associated with the decrease in transmission among injecting drug users.

Mortality related to tuberculosis-HIV/AIDS co-infection in Brazil, 2000-2011: epidemiological patterns and time trends

“…The presence of variables consid- Table 3 Joinpoint regression analysis of mortality rates related to TB-HIV/AIDS co-infection by region, sex and age group. ered indicators for poverty in Brazil and a higher risk among those with a low education and the black population, confirms the increased mortality in these regions 6,9,10,15,16,26,27 . Similar to other infectious diseases, poverty may have increased the vulnerability for TB and HIV/AIDS cases.…”

“…The state of São Paulo presented the first cases of the epidemic, followed by the state of Rio de Janeiro. These states significantly contributed to a rapid growth in the number of AIDS cases in the country 16 .…”

“…BCG vaccination coverage is also very high in Brazil (reaching 100% in recent years) resulting in enhanced protection against invasive forms of childhood TB 20 . In addition, motherto-child transmission of HIV has been reduced effectively in Brazil as a result of integrated control programs 16,22 . There has been an increased access to prenatal care services and assisted birth in HIV-positive mothers, including antiretroviral medication in HIV infected pregnant women and exposed newborns 22 .…”

“…These strategies include: free dispensing of antiretroviral drugs for treatment of AIDS since 1996, continuous updating of clinical protocols and therapeutic guidelines for the management of HIV infection in adults (2014), children and adolescents (2014), and prophylaxis of vertical transmission of HIV and antiretroviral therapy in pregnant women (2010) 9,16,22,25 . In 2014, HIV infection was included in the Brazilian list of notifiable diseases, further aiming at improving disease control 9 .…”

Prevalência e vulnerabilidade à infecção pelo HIV de moradores de rua em São Paulo, SP

“…The AIDS epidemic in Brazil is characterized by major urban concentration of cases 8 in specifi c population groups including sex workers 23 (HIV prevalence rates of 4.8%), men who have sex with men (MSM) (13.6%) 13 and drug users (23.1%). 13 The greater impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in these groups is mainly associated with individual factors and social and institutional contexts especially unsafe sexual behavior and drug use; discrimination; social inequality; and poor access to care services.…”