Sentimento de discriminação em estudantes: prevalência e fatores associados

Bittencourt, Alex; Aerts, Denise Rangel Ganzo de Castro; Alves, Gehysa Guimarães; Palazzo, Lilian; Monteiro, Lisiane; Vieira, Patrícia Conzatti; Freddo, Sílvia Letícia

doi:10.1590/s0034-89102009005000008

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Our study highlights a relationship between racism and sleep difficulties, although the strength of this association appears to be greater than the results of previous studies in the US and Brazil [40, 41]. The findings of Bittencourt et al (2009) and Huynh and Gillen-O’Neel (2013) suggest that both overt and subtle forms of discrimination have a moderate impact on the amount and quality of sleep among adolescents from ethnic minority populations.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…Six waves of data from the Footprints in Time study (the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children; hereafter referred to as LSIC) are drawn upon to examine the associations between racial discrimination and a range of health outcomes that have been shown to be associated with racism in prior research on ethnic population groups. These outcomes include mental health [39], general health [37], sleep difficulties [40, 41] and obesity [42]. In addition, we examine injury as an outcome given the direct threats to health posed by racial violence and the indirect pathways from racism-related stress to mental impairment and unintentional injuries [7], and asthma, to further test the relationship found between psychosocial stress and the risk to poor child respiratory health [43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of racial discrimination on the health of Australian Indigenous children aged 5–10 years: analysis of national longitudinal data

Shepherd

Cooper

et al. 2017

Int J Equity Health

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BackgroundA growing body of literature highlights that racial discrimination has negative impacts on child health, although most studies have been limited to an examination of direct forms of racism using cross-sectional data. We aim to provide further insights on the impact of early exposure to racism on child health using longitudinal data among Indigenous children in Australia and multiple indicators of racial discrimination.MethodsWe used data on 1239 Indigenous children aged 5–10 years from Waves 1–6 (2008–2013) of Footprints in Time, a longitudinal study of Indigenous children across Australia. We examined associations between three dimensions of carer-reported racial discrimination (measuring the direct experiences of children and vicarious exposure by their primary carer and family) and a range of physical and mental health outcomes. Analysis was conducted using multivariate logistic regression within a multilevel framework.ResultsTwo-fifths (40%) of primary carers, 45% of families and 14% of Indigenous children aged 5–10 years were reported to have experienced racial discrimination at some point in time, with 28–40% of these experiencing it persistently (reported at multiple time points). Primary carer and child experiences of racial discrimination were each associated with poor child mental health status (high risk of clinically significant emotional or behavioural difficulties), sleep difficulties, obesity and asthma, but not with child general health or injury. Children exposed to persistent vicarious racial discrimination were more likely to have sleep difficulties and asthma in multivariate models than those with a time-limited exposure.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that direct and persistent vicarious racial discrimination are detrimental to the physical and mental health of Indigenous children in Australia, and suggest that prolonged and more frequent exposure to racial discrimination that starts in the early lifecourse can impact on multiple domains of health in later life. Tackling and reducing racism should be an integral part of policy and intervention aimed at improving the health of Australian Indigenous children and thereby reducing health disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous children.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12939-017-0612-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of racial discrimination on the health of Australian Indigenous children aged 5–10 years: analysis of national longitudinal data

Shepherd

Cooper

et al. 2017

Int J Equity Health

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“…The sample sizes ranged from 93 (54) to 10,039 (55), with a median of 1,523 participants. Eleven of the 16 studies took place in the United States; the others were conducted in Finland (50), Brazil (56), Korea (55, 57), Sweden (58), and the United Kingdom (51). Only two of the 17 studies used samples comprised of children or adolescents (56, 59).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eleven of the 16 studies took place in the United States; the others were conducted in Finland (50), Brazil (56), Korea (55, 57), Sweden (58), and the United Kingdom (51). Only two of the 17 studies used samples comprised of children or adolescents (56, 59). Across studies, three measured discrimination using a single item (39, 56, 60), while the majority used multiple-items scores.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only two of the 17 studies used samples comprised of children or adolescents (56, 59). Across studies, three measured discrimination using a single item (39, 56, 60), while the majority used multiple-items scores. The majority of studies evaluated interpersonal discrimination, while one study assessed the impact of unfair treatment at the institutional level (a pay cut to all nurses) on sleep problems (53), and another study evaluated race-related vigilance (i.e., the extent to which participants anticipated and prepared for racial discrimination) (61).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discrimination and sleep: a systematic review

2016

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An increasing body of literature indicates that discrimination has a negative impact on health; poor sleep may be an underlying mechanism. The primary objective of this review was to examine existing studies on the relationship between discrimination and sleep to clarify (a) the potential role of discrimination in shaping population patterns of sleep and sleep disparities, and (b) research needed to develop interventions at individual and institutional levels. We identified articles from English-language publications in Pubmed and Ebsco databases from inception through July 2014. We employed a broad definition of discrimination to include any form of unfair treatment and all self-reported and objectively-assessed sleep outcomes, including duration, difficulties, and sleep architecture. Seventeen studies were identified: four prospective, twelve cross-sectional, and one that utilized a daily-diary design. Fifteen of the 17 studies evaluated interpersonal discrimination as the exposure and the majority of studies included self-reported sleep as the outcome. Only four studies incorporated objective sleep assessments. All 17 studies identified at least one association between discrimination and a measure of poorer sleep, although studies with more detailed consideration of either discrimination or sleep architecture revealed some inconsistencies. Taken together, existing studies demonstrate consistent evidence that discrimination is associated with poorer sleep outcomes. This evidence base can be strengthened with additional prospective studies that incorporate objectively-measured aspects of sleep. We outline important extensions for this field of inquiry that can inform the development of interventions to improve sleep outcomes, and consequently promote wellbeing and reduce health inequities across the life course.

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