Alterações da temperatura em ambientes externos de favela e desconforto térmico

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:To study aspects of the microclimate in a shantytown (favela), in order to understand the influence of the land occupation pattern on its climatic parameters. METHODS:The study was carried out in a shantytown located in the southwestern region of the city of São Paulo, Brazil, between February 19 and July 31, 2003, i.e. covering the whole autumn and parts of the summer and winter. The air temperatures were measured every hour on a microclimate scale, at four points within this densely populated shantytown and, as a control, on a tree-lined street nearby. RESULTS:In the summer, the average hourly temperatures in the shantytown were between 18.5°C and 29.5°C but, away from it, they were 2°C to 3°C lower at the hottest times of the day. In the autumn, the temperatures ranged from 15.5°C to 25.5°C and in the winter, 13.5°C to 25.5°C. The chilliest time in the shantytown was before dawn in the autumn and at 7 a.m. in the winter. The temperature variation was greater inside the shantytown than outside of it. The temperatures were within the comfort range for around 50% of the time. Temperatures below the lower limit (18°C) were more frequent than those above the upper limit (24°C). Temperatures above the upper limit were more frequent in the shantytown than outside of it. CONCLUSIONS:The land occupation is a temperature differentiation factor. In the shantytown, the temperatures were higher during the daytime (by up to 3°C) and lower at nighttime (by 1°C on average). The shantytown environment accentuated the temperature extremes, while the temperatures in the control street were milder.

The Prevalence of Migraine and Probable Migraine in a Brazilian Favela: Results of a Community Survey

“…This informal settlement has approximately 60,000 habitants 11 and 11,223 houses, 12 occupying 85 hectares in the Morumbi district (south‐west São Paulo, Brazil). According to a recent publication, at least 52.4% of the population had an income of less than 3 BMW (Brazilian minimum wage) and 24% have a income of less than 1 BMW 13 . The name Paraisopolis means “Paradise City” in Portuguese.…”

“…According to a recent publication, at least 52.4% of the population had an income of less than 3 BMW (Brazilian minimum wage) and 24% have a income of less than 1 BMW. 13 The name Paraisopolis means "Paradise City" in Portuguese.…”

Impact of urban atmospheric environment on hospital admissions in the elderly

“…17 A study in São Paulo showed more extreme temperatures and more pronounced temperature fl uctuations in slum area than in urban environments with better structure. 21 Air pollution also increased circulatory and respiratory diseases in the entire population in the southeastern region of the city. However, there was a higher relative risk of high admission rates with inadequate air quality in districts with higher socioenvironmental conditions.…”

Previsão Das Internações De Crianças Por Bronquite E Bronquiolite Aguda Em Porto Alegre, Rs via Variáveis Climáticas

“…Países localizados em latitudes médias iniciaram seus estudos sobre o clima a partir de 1950, enquanto que no Brasil a progressão de pesquisas só iniciou em 1970, devido aos problemas ambientais advindos dos espaços urbanos em desenvolvimento. As alterações climáticas nas cidades surgem tanto em escala local (microclimática) como regional, criando condições de conforto ou desconforto para seus habitantes e provocando surtos de doenças diretamente ligadas a essas mudanças (SILVA; RIBEIRO, 2006).…”