Prevalência e fatores associados ao sobrepeso e à obesidade em adolescentes

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:To assess the prevalence and factors associated to overweight and obesity in urban area adolescents. METHODS:A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out in the municipality of Pelotas, Southern Brazil, between 2001 and 2002. Adolescents between 15 and 18 years old were weighed, measured and asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire. Of 90 areas drawn, 86 dwellings were visited in each area, comprising a total of 960 adolescents interviewed. Overweight and obesity prevalences were defined based on the body mass index, according to cutoff values and adjusted to age and sex. Multivariate analysis with Poisson regression was performed using a hierarchical model of variables associated to overweight and obesity. RESULTS:Overweight and obesity prevalences were 20.9% and 5% respectively. There was found an inverse relationship between obesity and age and schooling. An association of overweight and obesity with reporting parents' obesity (p=0.03) and adolescents' sexual maturation (p=0.01) was seen. Dieting and skipping meals were associated to obesity with a risk of 3.98 (95% CI: 1.83-8.67) and 2.54 (95% CI: 1.22-5.29) respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Overweight and obesity prevalences in the area studied are of concern despite adolescents' behaviors to prevent to obesity. There is a need to implement more effective campaigns to provide better guidance to adolescents.

Excesso de peso em crianças e adolescentes no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil: prevalência e determinantes

“…Quando os achados são analisados por situação do domicílio, verifica-se que as áreas urbanas, em especial o interior urbano, concentram elevados percentuais de excesso de peso (20,7%), equivalendo aos achados de Pinto et al 16 , em pesquisa com escolares da capital pernambucana, e aproximando-se dos de Terres et al 17 , Suñé et al 18 e Netto-Oliveira et al 19 , em municípios do Sul do Brasil.…”

“…São modificações concernentes ao cenário da ocupação e emprego que, com a industrialização e globalização da economia, passam de um mercado de trabalho antes baseado no setor primário (agropecuária e extrativismo) para uma demanda da mão de obra baseada nos setores secundário e terciário 22 . Ainda que a relação com a faixa etária não tenha evidenciado significância estatística, o excesso de peso foi mais prevalente entre os adolescentes, divergindo do observado em âm-bito nacional (cuja frequência em crianças é de 48% e, entre adolescentes, de 25%) 6 e em outras publicações regionais 17,23,24 , inclusive em estudo com escolares da cidade do Recife, nos quais o agravo é atenuado com o aumento da idade 16 . No entanto, no presente estudo, a progressão do excesso ponderal conforme a idade adverte para o elevado risco que adolescentes obesos têm de se tornarem adultos obesos, se comparados aos indivíduos sob essa condição apenas quando crianças 25 .…”

Excesso de peso em adolescentes e estado nutricional dos pais: uma revisão sistemática

“…Skipping meals was related to overweight/obesity among adolescents. Terres et al 5 carried out a cross-sectional, population-based study of adolescents in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul state and reported similar findings since adolescents who reported skipping meals were found to have a 2.54% greater risk of being obese. Lower levels of schooling among parents, lower income and living in low-income areas were positively associated with excess weight in adolescents.…”

“…The early development of obesity, in infancy or adolescence, is a strong predictor of the persistence of this infirmity in adult life and a risk factor for the development of other chronic non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes and some types of neoplasms 5 .…”

Substance misuse and sexual function in adolescents with chronic diseases

“…The prevalence of alcohol use in adolescents varies from 7.8% to 78.9%12 , 14 , 15 around the world and from 26% to 71% in Brazil 1621 There are studies in adolescents with specific CDs, generally with small samples and variable frequencies of alcohol use (4.8%-70%), such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis,22 obesity and overweight,23 asthma,24 cystic fibrosis and sickle cell disease 25. This finding in our CDs patients may be related to the availability of alcohol at parties, pubs, stores and homes in Brazil 16…”