Caracterização das emissões de aldeídos de veículos do ciclo diesel

Abstract

ObjectiveTo characterize acetaldehyde and formaldehyde emissions, which are harmful gases to human health and not yet regulated for diesel engines. Methods Standardized tests were performed in four diesel light duty commercial vehicles, using a frame dynamometer and test procedure FTP-75. The pollutants were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. ResultsResults have shown acetaldehyde emission ranged from 5.9 to 45.4 mg/km, and formaldehyde emission from 16.5 to 115.2 mg/km. The average emission for aldehyde sum was 58.7 mg/km, ranging from 22.4 to 160.6 mg/km. The proportion between the two substances remained constant, close to 74% for formaldehydes and 26% for acetaldehydes. ConclusionsThe emission of diesel vehicle aldehydes was significant when compared with actual spark ignition vehicle emissions, or with the foresee limit for Otto cycle vehicles in Brazilian legislation. Establishing emission limits for these substances also in diesel vehicles is imperative in the light of the vehicle fleet growth, toxicity of these compounds, and their contribution as precursors in ozone gas formation reactions in low troposphere.

An experimental and kinetic modeling study of the pyrolysis and oxidation of n-C3C5 aldehydes in shock tubes

“…Karavalakis et al [5] highlighted how the use of a Euro4 engine increases the emissions (aldehydes and ketones) compared to a Euro3 engine identifying linear aldehydes from formaldehyde up to C 5 -C 6 and aromatic aldehydes. De Abrantes and co-workers focused on formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions from diesel engines [6], highlighting higher concentrations than those observed in spark ignition engines. Gasoline and diesel engine emissions of aldehydes were also compared by Roy [7] through high performance liquid chromatography.…”

Como Diferentes Teores De Biodiesel No Diesel Afetam as Emissões De Aldeídos Emmotores E Veículos

“…Em 2005, a CETESB realizou diversos ensaios de emissões em veículos a diesel para medir as emissões de aldeídos [2]. Foram testados, segundo a Norma Brasileira NBR 6601, quatro veículos diesel, de elevada quilometragem, no laboratório da CETESB, em São Paulo.…”

“…Em 2005, foi publicado pela CETESB (Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental) um artigo na AEA relatando valores significativos de emissões de aldeídos para alguns modelos de picapes e SUVs (Sport Utility Vehicle) antigos. Os ensaios foram feitos em dinamômetro de chassis segundo a NBR 6601 (emissões gasosas e ciclo de condução) e a NBR 12026 (método DNPH-2,4 Dinitrofenilhidrazina e cromatografia HPLC) para análise de emissões de aldeídos [1,2,3]. Em 2008, o CONAMA publicou a legislação 403/08 com os novos limites CONAMA P7, e estabeleceu que o IBAMA deveria fornecer um procedimento para a medição de aldeídos em veículos diesel até o mês de dezembro de 2010.…”

Emissions of Criteria and Non-Criteria Pollutants by a Flex-Fuel Motorcycle

“…12, 2016 ozone, which, besides being a photochemical oxidant, is a greenhouse gas. 21,[22][23][24] Another aspect that has been discussed in the literature refers to the criteria and non-criteria emissions according to the ethanol content and, more recently, the concern about the cold phase emissions. 25,26 In the initial minutes, the emissions of most pollutants are known to be greater because the beginning of engine operation is associated with less efficient burning.…”

“…[18][19][20] These compounds cause damage and irritation to the respiratory tract and eyes and are classified as carcinogenic (formaldehyde) and potentially carcinogenic (acetaldehyde). [21][22][23] Due to their chemical reactivity, these compounds can participate in various reactions in the troposphere, forming secondary pollutants such as Vol. 27, No.…”