Populations of larvae of Anopheles spp. in natural breeding sites in Western Venezuela, an area of refractory malaria

Rojas, Eliana D.; Brown, E. S.; Rosas, C. Ojeda; Scorza, J. V.

doi:10.1590/s0034-89101992000500007

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This could indicate that the Anophelinae species in this study have similar requirements for larval habitats, or that the larvae interact synergistically in these water bodies. Similar affinities have been identified previously between Nyssorhynchus species [106–108], including between Ny . darlingi and Ny .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Malaria vector species in Amazonian Peru co-occur in larval habitats but have distinct larval microbial communities

et al. 2019

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In Amazonian Peru, the primary malaria vector, Nyssorhynchus darlingi (formerly Anopheles darlingi ), is difficult to target using standard vector control methods because it mainly feeds and rests outdoors. Larval source management could be a useful supplementary intervention, but to determine its feasibility, more detailed studies on the larval ecology of Ny . darlingi are essential. We conducted a multi-level study of the larval ecology of Anophelinae mosquitoes in the peri-Iquitos region of Amazonian Peru, examining the environmental characteristics of the larval habitats of four species, comparing the larval microbiota among species and habitats, and placing Ny . darlingi larval habitats in the context of spatial heterogeneity in human malaria transmission. We collected Ny . darlingi , Nyssorhynchus rangeli (formerly Anopheles rangeli ), Nyssorhynchus triannulatus s.l. (formerly Anopheles triannulatus s.l.), and Nyssorhynchus sp. nr. konderi (formerly Anopheles sp. nr. konderi ) from natural and artificial water bodies throughout the rainy and dry seasons. We found that, consistent with previous studies in this region and in Brazil, the presence of Ny . darlingi was significantly associated with water bodies in landscapes with more recent deforestation and lower light intensity. Nyssorhynchus darlingi presence was also significantly associated with a lower vegetation index, other Anophelinae species, and emergent vegetation. Though they were collected in the same water bodies, the microbial communities of Ny . darlingi larvae were distinct from those of Ny . rangeli and Ny . triannulatus s.l., providing evidence either for a species-specific larval microbiome or for segregation of these species in distinct microhabitats within each water body. We demonstrated that houses with more reported malaria cases were located closer to Ny . darlingi larval habitats; thus, targeted control of these sites could help ameliorate malaria risk. The co-occurrence of Ny . darlingi larvae in water bodies with other putative malaria vectors increases the potential impact of larval source management in this region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Malaria vector species in Amazonian Peru co-occur in larval habitats but have distinct larval microbial communities

et al. 2019

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“…Habitats are found in small or large, natural or constructed bodies of water, including lagoons, lakes, slow flowing rivers, fish ponds, gold mine dugouts, rain puddles and temporary or permanent pools [80,138-140] (Table 4 &5). Tadei & Thatcher [141] described An.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dominant Anopheles vectors of human malaria in the Americas: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic précis

et al. 2010

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BackgroundAn increasing knowledge of the global risk of malaria shows that the nations of the Americas have the lowest levels of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax endemicity worldwide, sustained, in part, by substantive integrated vector control. To help maintain and better target these efforts, knowledge of the contemporary distribution of each of the dominant vector species (DVS) of human malaria is needed, alongside a comprehensive understanding of the ecology and behaviour of each species.ResultsA database of contemporary occurrence data for 41 of the DVS of human malaria was compiled from intensive searches of the formal and informal literature. The results for the nine DVS of the Americas are described in detail here. Nearly 6000 occurrence records were gathered from 25 countries in the region and were complemented by a synthesis of published expert opinion range maps, refined further by a technical advisory group of medical entomologists. A suite of environmental and climate variables of suspected relevance to anopheline ecology were also compiled from open access sources. These three sets of data were then combined to produce predictive species range maps using the Boosted Regression Tree method. The predicted geographic extent for each of the following species (or species complex*) are provided: Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albimanus Wiedemann, 1820, An. (Nys.) albitarsis*, An. (Nys.) aquasalis Curry, 1932, An. (Nys.) darlingi Root, 1926, An. (Anopheles) freeborni Aitken, 1939, An. (Nys.) marajoara Galvão & Damasceno, 1942, An. (Nys.) nuneztovari*, An. (Ano.) pseudopunctipennis* and An. (Ano.) quadrimaculatus Say, 1824. A bionomics review summarising ecology and behaviour relevant to the control of each of these species was also compiled.ConclusionsThe distribution maps and bionomics review should both be considered as a starting point in an ongoing process of (i) describing the distributions of these DVS (since the opportunistic sample of occurrence data assembled can be substantially improved) and (ii) documenting their contemporary bionomics (since intervention and control pressures can act to modify behavioural traits). This is the first in a series of three articles describing the distribution of the 41 global DVS worldwide. The remaining two publications will describe those vectors found in (i) Africa, Europe and the Middle East and (ii) in Asia. All geographic distribution maps are being made available in the public domain according to the open access principles of the Malaria Atlas Project.

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“…nuneztovari s.l. can be present in larval habitats regardless of their temporality [ 52 – 54 ]. Although An.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval habitat characteristics of the main malaria vectors in the most endemic regions of Colombia: potential implications for larval control

Conde

Pareja

Orjuela

et al. 2015

Malar J

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BackgroundMalaria incidence has recently decreased globally and, as malaria elimination is envisioned as a possibility by the health authorities, guidance is needed to strengthen malaria control strategies. Larval source treatment, which could complement routine vector control strategies, requires knowledge regarding the Anopheles larval habitats.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in three of the most malaria-endemic regions in Colombia. A total of 1116 potential larval habitats in 70 villages were sampled in three states located in western Colombia: Cordoba, Valle del Cauca and Nariño.ResultsOverall, 17.5 % (195) of the potential larval habitats were found positive for different Anopheles species. A total of 1683 larvae were identified belonging to seven species: Anophelesalbimanus, Anopheles calderoni, Anophelesdarlingi, Anophelesneomaculipalpus, Anophelesnuneztovaris.l., Anophelespseudopunctipennis, and Anophelestriannulatus. The most widely distributed species was An. nuneztovari s.l., which was found mainly in human-made fishponds in Cordoba and temporary puddles in Valle del Cauca. Anophelesalbimanus and An. calderoni were associated with human-made wells or excavation sites in Nariño. Cordoba displayed the greatest Anopheles species diversity with a total of six species (Shannon diversity index H′: 1.063). Although Valle del Cauca had four species, one more than Nariño, the diversity was lower because only one species predominated, An. nuneztovari s.l. The larval habitats with the highest Shannon diversity index were lagoons (H′: 1.079) and fishponds (H′: 1.009) in Cordoba, excavation sites in Nariño (H′: 0.620) and puddles in Valle del Cauca (H′: 0.764).ConclusionsThis study provides important information regarding the larval habitats of the main malaria vectors in the most malaria-endemic regions of Colombia, which will be useful in guiding larval control operations.

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Populations of larvae of Anopheles spp. in natural breeding sites in Western Venezuela, an area of refractory malaria

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Malaria vector species in Amazonian Peru co-occur in larval habitats but have distinct larval microbial communities

Malaria vector species in Amazonian Peru co-occur in larval habitats but have distinct larval microbial communities

The dominant Anopheles vectors of human malaria in the Americas: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic précis

Larval habitat characteristics of the main malaria vectors in the most endemic regions of Colombia: potential implications for larval control

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