Lifestyle factors, direct and indirect costs for a Brazilian airline company

Objective:This study quantified differences in indirect costs due to decreased work productivity between current and former smokers. Former smokers were further categorized by number of years since quitting to assess corresponding differences.Methods:Data on employed individuals were obtained from the 2013 US National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS; N = 75,000). Indirect costs were calculated for current smokers and former smokers from weekly wages based on age and sex.Results:The annual total indirect costs for current smokers were $1327.53, $1560.18, and $1839.87 higher than for those who quit 0 to 4 years, 5 to 10 years, and more than or equal to 11 years prior, respectively. There were no significant differences in mean total indirect costs between the former smoker groups.Conclusions:Current smokers showed significantly higher total annual indirect costs compared with former smokers, independently of the number of years since quitting smoking.

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“…The total indirect costs observed were higher for current smokers than former smokers, as described in previous studies. 9 , 49 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking Cessation Is Associated With Lower Indirect Costs

Baker

Bruno

Emir³

et al. 2018

Journal of Occupational &Amp; Environmental Medicine

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“…These costs are expected to increase from $5.8 billion in 2010 to $10.1 billion by 2050 [ 31 ]. Furthermore, studies have established higher medication costs among patients with obesity [ 32 ], while a recent study of 2201 employees of a Brazilian airline found that obesity was associated with higher direct healthcare costs, with each BMI point increasing annual costs by $17 US dollars [ 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between body mass index and health and economic outcomes in Brazil

Kudel

Alves²,

Gonçalves³

et al. 2018

Diabetol Metab Syndr

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BackgroundObesity is associated with significant physical, psychosocial and economic burden globally. In Brazil, almost 50% of the population is either overweight or obese. The prevalence of morbid obesity increased by 255% between 1975 and 2003. The current study sought to quantify the relationship between weight status and health outcomes.MethodsData from three waves (2011, 2012, and 2015) of the Brazil National Health and Wellness Survey, an Internet-based survey administered to a demographically diverse sample of Brazilian adults, were used. Body mass index category was calculated based on self-reported height and weight and respondents were categorized into five groups (normal, overweight, obese class I, obese class II, obese class III; n = 34,254). Multivariable analyses, controlling for sociodemographic variables and health history, tested the association with body mass index group and outcomes including health status (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 12-Item Health Survey version 2/Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-Item Health Survey version 2), work productivity (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment-General Health Questionnaire), and costs associated with work impairment (indirect costs), self-reported healthcare resource use and associated direct costs.ResultsOverall, 53.6% of the surveyed Brazilian population reported being overweight or obese. In virtually all the analyses, increasing body mass index group was associated with significant and progressively worse outcomes. Most notable was the finding that hospitalization costs were over twice as high (R$3141.84 vs. R$1349.60) and indirect costs were nearly double (R$1656.80 vs. R$884.15) for obesity class III than for normal body mass index respondents.ConclusionsObesity rates in Brazil are considerable and, from a patient and societal perspective, increasingly burdensome, thereby highlighting the need for stakeholders to prioritize strategies for weight management interventions.

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