Homicídios e disputas territoriais nas favelas do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the risk of homicide in Rio de Janeiro’s favelas, taking into account the territorial disputes taking place in the city.METHODSThe study is based on data on mortality from homicide in the city of Rio de Janeiro between 2006 and 2009. Risks in favelas and in surrounding areas were evaluated, as was the domination of armed groups and drug dealing. Geographic and ethnographic concepts and methods were employed, using participant observation, interviews and analysis of secondary data on health.RESULTSWithin the favelas, mortality rates from homicide were equivalent to, or lower than, the rest of the city, although they were considerably higher in areas surrounding the favelas, especially in areas where there was conflict between armed rival gangs.CONCLUSIONSThe presence of trafficking crews and turf war in strategic areas of the city increases homicide rates and promotes the “ecology of danger” in these areas.

A populational-based birth cohort study in a low-income urban area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: implementation and description of the characteristics of the study

“…In 2008, the federal government implemented a housing, transportation and sanitation program (Growth Acceleration Program -PAC) in the area, resulting in a series of urban movements, partially explaining the loss of follow-up 27 . Moreover, urban violence related to traffic dealers and police gun conflagrations limited the movement of families and restricted the presence of the research team in the area 28 . In fact, the proportion of losses was similar in other cohort studies in the same region (30.7%-35%) 29 .…”

Tendência e distribuição da taxa de mortalidade por homicídios segundo porte populacional dos municípios do Brasil, 2000 e 2015

“…Na cidade de São Paulo, por exemplo, o decréscimo do homicídio ocorreu em praticamente todos os grupos populacionais, mas com maior intensidade entre homens, jovens, de áreas de maior vulnerabilidade social 16,42,43 . Evidências apontam para a maior importância dos fatores socioeconômicos e principalmente alterações na estrutura etária, com alguma atribuição da implantação de polícia comunitária em favelas e de certos dispositivos extralegais de regulação interna ao "mundo do crime" que se legitimam nas periferias, de maneira semelhante ao observado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro 41,[44][45][46][47] .…”

Brazilian Police Officers Killed in the Line of Duty: Daily Life of a Violent Reality

“…On the other hand, the weakening of institutions has led to the emergence and proliferation of paramilitary groups, popularly known in Brazil as milícias, which are partly composed of security agents from various agencies. Milícias first take power and justice into their own hands and then take control over the various criminal activities existing in the territories in their domain (Barcellos, Zaluar, 2014;Misse, 2011;Zaluar & Conceição, 2007).…”