Sustainable Tourism and Eradication of Poverty (Step): impact assessment of a tourism development program in Brazil

Abstract

This paper aims to evaluate the social impacts of the Tourism Development Program (Prodetur) in the northeastern town of Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil. The method used is based on the difference in difference technique applied to the 1991 and 2000 Census microdata. The results suggest social advances following from poverty relief based on income -where the benefits are distributed, generally, in a relatively equal manner between the native and migrant population. There is a relative deterioration in the sanitary situation, which consists of a very serious problem in the mid-and long-term, whose costs are mostly borne by the native population. Therefore, maintaining the natural capital is the main aspect that distances Porto Seguro's tourism supply from the concept of sustainability. The article also relies on difference in difference estimators to assess the impacts of local public policies related to the sector. K e y w o r d s : sustainable tourism; poverty; programme evaluation; difference in difference; public policies.Turismo Sustentável e Alivio à Pobreza (Tsap): avaliação de impacto de um programa de desenvolvimento ao turismo no Brasil. Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar os impactos sociais do Programa de Desenvolvimento do Turismo (Prodetur) no Nordeste no município de Porto Seguro, Brasil. O método baseia-se na técnica de diferença em diferenças e utilizamos os microdados dos Censos Demográficos de 1991 e 2000. Os resultados sugerem avanços sociais com o alívio à pobreza, sendo os benefícios distribuídos em geral de forma igualitária entre população nativa e migrante. Há uma piora relativa na questão sanitária, que se configura em um sério problema ambiental de médio e longo prazo, cujos custos são em sua maioria absorvidos pela população nativa. Conclui-se que a manutenção do capital natural é o principal problema que afasta o turismo ofertado em Porto Seguro do conceito de sustentabilidade. O artigo também reforça o uso dos estimadores de diferença em diferença como um bom método de avaliação de impactos de políticas públicas no setor. Pa l av r a s -c h av e : turismo sustentável; pobreza; avaliação de programas; diferença em diferenças; políticas públicas.

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