Abstract:RESUMOEste artigo é a primeira parte de uma pesquisa sobre corrupção no Brasil e é teórico. Apesar disso, ele fornece uma interpretação econômica da corrupção usando o Brasil como um estudo de caso. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é aplicar algumas ferramentas microeconômicas para entender a "grande corrupção". Mostraremos que a corrupção não é simplesmente um tipo de crime. De fato, ela é uma atividade econômica ordinária que surge em alguns ambientes institucionais. Primeiramente, serão descritos alguns … Show more
“…Systematic corruption makes it impossible to establish and maintain national and international rules, being one of the main reasons for the low development in some countries. According to Silva (1999), longterm costs associated with corrupt activities reduces the efficiency of both private and public organizations. It is estimated that more than USD 1000 billion is paid out in bribes each year worldwide (Nussbaum, 2004).…”
Section: Effect Of Corruption On Business Transparencymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Business transparency increases the probability of discovering a corrupt action. Fighting against corruption is only a part of a broader effort called institutional adjustment (Klitgaard, 1998;Silva, 1999).…”
Section: Effect Of Corruption On Business Transparencymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the average behavior involves small-and large-scale corruption that goes from not respecting traffic lights to the use of public monies for political campaigns (Silva, 1999). Silva (1999) has argued that corruption is not only a type of crime, but rather an ordinary economic activity that arises in some institutional environments and becomes very dangerous to democracy itself. In Brazil, political corruption produces an undesirable outcome of the increasing pessimism of the population regarding the future.…”
Section: Corruption In Brazilmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some agencies of the federal control system are the Controladoria Geral da Uniao -CGU (Federal General Advocacy), whose function is to investigate suspicious cases of corruption and defend the Federation against any corrupt operation; the Tribunal de Contas da Uniao -TCU (Federal Audit Court), which has the power to sue and punish people involved in corruption. Silva (1999) believes that notwithstanding the Federal Systems to control the corruption, among the various identified and judged corruption cases, only a few are punished and this punishment is seldom executed. Silva (1999) also emphasizes that corruption in Brazil has an endemic characteristic and it occurs due to the incapacity to follow up on the expenditures in all budgetary units.…”
Section: Corruption In Brazilmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Silva (1999) believes that notwithstanding the Federal Systems to control the corruption, among the various identified and judged corruption cases, only a few are punished and this punishment is seldom executed. Silva (1999) also emphasizes that corruption in Brazil has an endemic characteristic and it occurs due to the incapacity to follow up on the expenditures in all budgetary units. Political corruption has damaged the fundamental democratic institutions: The Legislative (Congress) and the Judiciary.…”
“…Systematic corruption makes it impossible to establish and maintain national and international rules, being one of the main reasons for the low development in some countries. According to Silva (1999), longterm costs associated with corrupt activities reduces the efficiency of both private and public organizations. It is estimated that more than USD 1000 billion is paid out in bribes each year worldwide (Nussbaum, 2004).…”
Section: Effect Of Corruption On Business Transparencymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Business transparency increases the probability of discovering a corrupt action. Fighting against corruption is only a part of a broader effort called institutional adjustment (Klitgaard, 1998;Silva, 1999).…”
Section: Effect Of Corruption On Business Transparencymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the average behavior involves small-and large-scale corruption that goes from not respecting traffic lights to the use of public monies for political campaigns (Silva, 1999). Silva (1999) has argued that corruption is not only a type of crime, but rather an ordinary economic activity that arises in some institutional environments and becomes very dangerous to democracy itself. In Brazil, political corruption produces an undesirable outcome of the increasing pessimism of the population regarding the future.…”
Section: Corruption In Brazilmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some agencies of the federal control system are the Controladoria Geral da Uniao -CGU (Federal General Advocacy), whose function is to investigate suspicious cases of corruption and defend the Federation against any corrupt operation; the Tribunal de Contas da Uniao -TCU (Federal Audit Court), which has the power to sue and punish people involved in corruption. Silva (1999) believes that notwithstanding the Federal Systems to control the corruption, among the various identified and judged corruption cases, only a few are punished and this punishment is seldom executed. Silva (1999) also emphasizes that corruption in Brazil has an endemic characteristic and it occurs due to the incapacity to follow up on the expenditures in all budgetary units.…”
Section: Corruption In Brazilmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Silva (1999) believes that notwithstanding the Federal Systems to control the corruption, among the various identified and judged corruption cases, only a few are punished and this punishment is seldom executed. Silva (1999) also emphasizes that corruption in Brazil has an endemic characteristic and it occurs due to the incapacity to follow up on the expenditures in all budgetary units. Political corruption has damaged the fundamental democratic institutions: The Legislative (Congress) and the Judiciary.…”
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