Dinâmica dos micronutrientes em cafeeiros enxertados

Abstract

Dynamics of micronutrient in grafted coffeeResponses to availability of nutrients vary between different species within the same genus, mainly because the different nutritional requirements, absorption capacity, translocation and use of nutrients, The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of absorption, translocation and use of micronutrients by different cultivars of Coffea arabica L. grafted into Apoatã IAC 2258 (Coffea canephora). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using cultivation in nutrient solution in a 7 x 3 + 2 factorial design: seven cultivars of Coffea arabica L. (Palma II, Catucaí 2 SL, Oeiras MG 6851, Obatã IAC 1669-20, Acauã, Topázio MG 1190 and Paraíso MG H 419-1), three types of seedlings (ungrafted, self-grafted and grafted on cultivar Apoatã IAC 2258) and two controls (Apoatã self-grafted and Apoatã foot-free). The results showed that the rootstocknegatively influenced the absorption of boron, iron and manganese. The translocation of the micronutrients boron and copper had the highest rates in the grafted seedlings. The cultivar Palma II, when grafted, showed the highest rates of use of nutrients, showing that it can be grafted. The rootstock proved to be suitable for grafting, for not being negatively influenced by both the grafting and the cultivars used. Dinâmica dos micronutrientes em cafeeiros enxertadosAs respostas à disponibilidade dos nutrientes variam entre espécies distintas dentro de um mesmo gênero, por causa, principalmente, das exigências nutricionais variáveis, capacidade de absorção, translocação e utilização dos nutrientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de absorção, translocação e uso dos micronutrientes por diferentes cultivares de Coffea arabica L., enxertados em Apoatã IAC 2258 (Coffea canephora). O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação, utilizando-se o método de cultivo em solução nutritiva. Foi utilizado um fatorial 7 x 3 + 2, sendo sete cultivares de Coffea arabica L. (Palma II, Catucaí 2 SL, Oeiras MG 6851, Obatã IAC 1669-20, Acauã, Topázio MG 1190 e Paraíso MG H 419-1), três tipos de mudas (pé franco, autoenxertada e enxertada sobre o cultivar Apoatã IAC 2258) e duas testemunhas (Apoatã autoenxertado e Apoatã pé franco). O porta-enxerto utilizado influenciou negativamente na absorção de boro, ferro e manganês. A translocação dos micronutrientes boro e cobre obteve maiores índices nas mudas enxertadas. O cultivar Palma II, quando enxertado, apresentou o maior índice de utilização dos nutrientes, mostrando-se passível de ser enxertado. O porta-enxerto utilizado mostrou-se apto para a enxertia, por não sofrer influência negativa, tanto pela enxertia, quanto pelos cultivares utilizados. Palavras-chave:Coffea arabica L, Coffea canephora, enxertia, nutrição.

Genetic diversity of standard leaf nutrients in Coffea canephora genotypes during phenological phases

“…The clonal variety 'Vitória Incaper 8142' presents two clone groups during initial development (Contarato et al, 2010). In the present study, there was variability in nutrient use among the genotypes (four groups), consistent with findings from previous studies on coffee culture, in which differential use of nutrients was observed among clones of the same species (Reis Júnior and Martinez, 2002;Mattiello et al, 2008;Tomaz et al, 2009;Ferreira et al, 2013). For each nutrient relationship, the mean values followed by different letters indicate significant differences between genotypes according to the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability.…”

“…Studies investigating the growth and development of conilon coffee have revealed genetic variability in leaf number, plant height, emission rate of reproductive branches, root and shoot dry matter, and nutrient accumulation (Contarato et al, 2010;Covre et al, 2013;Partelli et al, 2014b;Marré et al, 2015;Ronchi et al, 2015). Additionally, some studies have shown variation related to nutrient-use efficiency among conilon genotypes (Favarin et al, 2007;Tomaz et al, 2009;Ferreira et al, 2013) and different nutritional requirements according to fruit ripeness stage and time of the year (Marré et al, 2015). In this context, the use of tools that can identify genetic diversity, such as hierarchical genetic clustering methods (multivariate methods), can aid in the identification of C. canephora genotypes with different genetic distances (Kathurima et al, 2012;Souza et al, 2013;Dalcomo et al, 2015;Martins et al, 2015).…”

Genetic diversity in Coffea canephora genotypes for leaf nutrient concentration

“…Another important factor is that the biomass accumulation rates of C. canephora genotypes differ from each other (32), i.e., nutrient dilution effects may occur in genotypes with higher and effects of nutrient concentration in genotypes with lower biomass accumulation rates. These genetic variations cause the differences in leaf nutrient contents, indicating a higher or lower efficiency of nutrient uptake, translocation or use by the plant between cultivars or lines (12), and consequently, the possibility of improving and/or selecting more efficient cultivars for nutrient use (13).…”

Concentration and accumulation of micronutrients in robust coffee

“…The study by Laviola et al (2007a), which compared the foliar concentrations in the expansion and grain formation phases with those in the initial phase (flowering stage) to verify the existence of competition between the berries and leaves for nutrients, found that the presence of berries causes strong competition for the allocation of micronutrients, regardless of the state of berry formation. This phenomenon is characterized by nutrient translocation, which involves the transfer of an element from an absorptive organ to other organs to meet their temporary demands (Ferreira et al, 2013).…”