Comércio de bromélias no Paraná

Abstract

Bromeliads production and trade in Paraná, BrazilThis paper is a prospective study about the bromeliads production and trade in Paraná State, Brazil, which aimed to know the producers' profile in Paraná State with the respective capacity of meeting market demands, identify and characterize the different levels of the bromeliads production chain, as well as detect the main bottlenecks to the development of this sector. A total of 19 producers were interviewed; 160 retailers and 18 wholesalers. The amount of bromeliads from the regional production and suitable to be the traded was 5340 plants per year, which was lower than the State demand. The conditions demanded by retailers (r) and wholesalers (w) to purchase bromeliads from regional producers were: equal to or lower price than it is sold in São Paulo (required by: r = 134; w = 18), production quality demanded as found in the market (r = 86; w = 16), ability to make regular deliveries (r = 81; w = 11) and replacement capacity for requests of extra orders (r = 55; w = 7). It was not found in Paraná a producer that could meet all requirements simultaneously. The main barriers that prevented the inclusion of production in the regional market were due to the inapplicability of the rural production management models adopted by the producers and the technological inconsistencies observed in most of the culture hatcheries that resulted in low quality production.

Economic viability of bromeliads production

“…Atualmente estão catalogados 50 gêneros e número superior a 3000 espécies. Entre os gêneros mais facilmente encontrados no Paraná destacam-se: Aechmea, Billbergia, Cryptanthus, Dyckia, Guzmania, Neoregelia, Nidularium, Tillandsia e Vriesea (NEGRELLE;MITCHELL; SILVA, 2004;NEGRELLE, 2013a;2013b ).…”

“…O Paraná já foi destaque no cenário nacional de produção de bromélias, ocupando a terceira maior produção no Brasil com 250 mil plantas ao ano produzidas por 144 produtores em 32 municípios (NEGRELLE; ANACLETO, 2012;NEGRELLE, 2013a). O litoral do Estado era a maior região produtora englobando 100 famílias, porem, dados recentes sugerem que, somente nesta região, a redução do número de produtores foi superior a 80% (ANACLETO; NEGRELLE, 2013b).…”

“…Atualmente, o consumo de bromélias ornamentais no Paraná é elevado e a produção estadual tem se mostrado incipiente para atender a demanda (NEGRELLE; NEGRELLE, 2013a), muito provavelmente devido à redução do número de produtores e da área de produção, entre os fatores associados a esta situação, são relatados a desorganização dos produtores, o baixo preço de venda e o desconhecimento do custo de produção NEGRELLE, 2013b). O custo de produção é uma das variáveis usadas em estudos de viabilidade econômica usado na busca pela otimização dos resultados, no desenvolvimento de novos produtos e na inserção empresarial em novos mercados (CASAROTTO FILHO, 2009).…”

Bromeliad ornamental species: conservation issues and challenges related to commercialization

“…Therefore, a great part of the Brazilian bromeliad trade is based on illegal wild harvesting; with increasing market demand, several ornamental bromeliad species are threatened with extinction due to over-harvesting (IBAMA, 2007;ROE et al, 2002 regeneration or sustainability, promote severe environmental damage including loss of other coexistent bromeliad species (ANACLETO, 2001;LEME, 1998;NAHOUM, 1994). For example, a corollary to the illegal overexploitation of bromeliads is the serious impact on xaximDicksonia selowiana -a primitive arborescent fern used to make vases or supports for both bromeliads and orchids.…”

“…This native plant of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest is also on the national as well as international official lists of species under risk of extinction because of its intense commercial exploitation related to gardening and flower production (IBAMA, 1992). Implications for local communities: Harvesting of bromeliads produces sporadic supplementary income for small farmers from rural and poor coastal communities that have no easy access to the market and no information about the real market value of their resources or about their legal rights (ANACLETO, 2001). Unaware of the real market value of the bromeliads, pickers sell them for less than US$ 0.25 each to wholesalers.…”