Breve história da otorrinolaringologia: otologia, laringologia e rinologia

Abstract

Ears, nose and throat have intrigued humanity since immemorial times. Treatments for the larynx, the nose and the ear and also surgeries were practiced by Greek, Hindu and Byzantine doctors. In the 20th century clinical and surgical innovations were incorporated, thanks to new anesthesia techniques, antibiotics, radiology and new technologies. Aim and method: show the evolution of this science throughout the times, recognizing important persons in otology, rhinology and laryngology. Results and conclusion: Understanding the evolutions in clinical and surgical anatomy, physiology, treatment modalities, and the personalities that lead to these advances is of great importance for the evolution of medical science. Otorhinolaryngology has a very rich history, with important collaborators and personalities in the history of medicine. The specialty was one of the first to use local anesthesia for procedures, pioneer in treatments with devices that recouped hearing and the use of microscopes in surgeries. Few medical specialties had suffered as many changes and scientific developments in these last decades as Otorhinolaryngology had, with the advantage of incorporating technologies such as endoscopy, radiology, microsurgery and information technology.

Differentiating between rhinosinusitis and mastoiditis surgery from postmortem medical training: A study of two identified skulls and hospital records from early 20th century Coimbra, Portugal

“…The anatomist Emile Zuckerkandl described the treatment to maxillary RS by perforating the middle meatus at the end of the 19th century (Lund, 2002). Several other procedures for treatment of maxillary RS have been used since then, and the Caldwell-Luc surgical procedure, performed through the canine fossa in the anterior maxillary wall, was one of the most used approaches at the beginning of the 20th century (Lund, 2002;Nogueira Júnior et al, 2007). It was described by George Walter Caldwell and Henri Luc (Nogueira Júnior et al, 2007), and it is likely that this was the surgical approach that was being taught to students in the dissection of the maxillary sinuses of individual 85, as described by Bissaia-Barreto (1922).…”

“…Several other procedures for treatment of maxillary RS have been used since then, and the Caldwell-Luc surgical procedure, performed through the canine fossa in the anterior maxillary wall, was one of the most used approaches at the beginning of the 20th century (Lund, 2002;Nogueira Júnior et al, 2007). It was described by George Walter Caldwell and Henri Luc (Nogueira Júnior et al, 2007), and it is likely that this was the surgical approach that was being taught to students in the dissection of the maxillary sinuses of individual 85, as described by Bissaia-Barreto (1922). Dittmar and Mitchell (2015) identified knife cuts from defleshing without craniotomy as an indicator of a dissection, once they are inconsistent with the expected tool mark patterns of an autopsy, where the scalp is removed only when a craniotomy is performed.…”

“…Jean-Louis Petit is reported to be the first to develop a successful operation on the mastoid process to evacuate pus in 1774, while William Wilde was the first to establish surgical recommendations to the postauricular incision to access this anatomical structure in 1853 (Moberly and Fritsch, 2010;Nogueira Júnior et al, 2007;Sunder et al, 2006). This procedure was improved in 1873 by Hermann Schwartze with the description of the 'simple mastoidectomy' (or antrostomy), the first systematic description of the operation (Moberly and Fritsch, 2010;Monod and Vanverts, 1902;Sunder et al, 2006).…”