Parto hospitalar: experiências de mulheres da periferia de Cuibá-MT

Abstract

The objective of this article was to analyze some cultural aspects of women who have experienced normal deliveries at hospitals of the National Health System. It is a qualitative research, and its theoretic-methodological reference was the Theory of Social Representation. For data collection ten women who had normal childbirth were interviewed. As a result, we could notice that many of the aspects that they had experienced were mostly associated to an institutional culture that revealed a treatment based on violence, and disrespect to the principles of the Birth Humanization Program created by the Brazilian Health Ministry. We concluded that there are still a lot of investments to be done to improve the quality of the assistance given to labor deliveries at the studied hospitals.

Vivência do parto normal ou cesáreo: revisão integrativa sobre a percepção de mulheres

“…21,24 Childbirth is a thrilling moment of personal growth towards the construction of a new identity, the status of being a mother, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] surrounded by positive feelings often described as joy, happiness and fulfillment. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] The satisfaction, preference or advantages associated with vaginal birth, regardless of women's previous experience of childbirth, were found in descriptions like: little suffering, faster recovery, requiring less care, experiencing less pain after delivery, the possibility of returning to daily activities sooner and being discharged from the hospital sooner. 11 , 15,21,24 Other women said that this type of delivery does not present any disadvantages, 11 Analyze the subjective and objective cultural aspects of women from the outskirts of Cuiabá-MT when going through the experience of vaginal birth in public hospitals or those outsourced by the SUS.…”

“…[14][15]17,19 Women expressed fear of pain, 16,19 a fear which was enhanced by stories heard outside the hospital about labor pains 18 that, for some, could lead to death. 14 Vaginal birth is perceived as a painful process, 11,17 with pain intensity viewed as greater than expected, 25 even for a short period of time, 21 added to by unexpected and painful procedures that contributed to higher levels of pain, 13,18,24-25 such as amniotomy or the administration of oxytocin to accelerate labor.…”

“…14 Vaginal birth is perceived as a painful process, 11,17 with pain intensity viewed as greater than expected, 25 even for a short period of time, 21 added to by unexpected and painful procedures that contributed to higher levels of pain, 13,18,24-25 such as amniotomy or the administration of oxytocin to accelerate labor. 12,18,21,25 Discomforts associated with epidural analgesia, episiotomy and the type of delivery (with exception of elective cesarean section), 12,25 the transformation of the woman's body into an object of work, not respecting the woman's role in delivery and reproducing the medical model of care 19,24 also contributed to the negative perception of childbirth. Many women believe that the technical procedures used in hospitals are necessary and important, even though some of them are currently contraindicated, such as Kristeller's Maneuver.…”

“…Many women believe that the technical procedures used in hospitals are necessary and important, even though some of them are currently contraindicated, such as Kristeller's Maneuver. 19 Many women are a position of great passivity in relation to the hospital authority. 18 These negative perceptions regarding vaginal birth were described by women: loneliness, grief and abandonment, [14][15][16][17][18] sometimes associated with the absence of a birthing partner as insisted on by the institution.…”

“…18,25 The assistance provided by healthcare professionals during labor and birth, mostly in vaginal birth experiences, is characterized by an impersonal relationship in which professionals are distanced from the patient, 14.16 relations are unequal based on non-verbal communication, and technical terms are used that make it difficult for the women to understand information and instructions. [18][19] These women realize the requirement of predetermined behavior, and do not offer resistance to established knowledge to meet the expectations of the professionals. 1619 They feel insecure and manipulated, which translates into pain, neglect and abandonment that reflects the physical, psychological or emotional violence to which they were submitted, 19 characterized by a lack of care and even by a lack of professional follow-up.…”