A enfermagem psiquiátrica e a enfermagem moderna no Rio de Janeiro: uma lição da história

Abstract

Estudo referente a um ensaio do Laboratório de Pesquisa de História da Enfermagem (LAPHE), sobre a luta e empenho da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem (ABEn) para que a Enfermagem Moderna entendesse a sua inserção na área de Psiquiatria do Rio de Janeiro, na década de 40. NOSSO OBJETIVO: apresentar as dificuldades a despeito da institucionalização da enfermagem no espaço geográfico do Hospital Psiquiátrico do Rio de Janeiro. Para tanto, utilizamos a documentação que normatizava a institucionalização da Enfermagem na área psiquiátrica à época. Os pródromos dos resultados apontam para uma quebra do Padrão Anna Nery na área em apreço, pois até 1949 tal escola relegava assistência ao doente mental in loco, por motivos diversos; enquanto a Escola de Enfermagem Alfredo Pinto cuidava dos doentes mentais, ou seja, o seu nascedouro, em 1890. Portanto, cabe-nos destacar o papel histórico e estratégico da ABEn como coordenadora e fomentadora das discussões dos rumos da Enfermagem.

Psychiatric nursing and mental health teaching in relation to Brazilian curriculum

“…Psychiatric nursing and modern nursing in the federal state of Rio de Janeiro: a lesson from history (29) To present the difficulties in spite of the institutionalization of Nursing in a Psychiatric Hospital of Rio de Janeiro.…”

“…As for the places of practice and the methods or contents used, there is little discussion about the teaching of psychiatric nursing in this period. Practical classes took place in hospices (28)(29)(37)(38)(39) or did not exist until 1942 (9,29,35) . These divergences in nursing education are evident in the analysis of the contents offered.…”

“…The perspective of psychic suffering was permeated with prejudices and stigmas that came from all sectors of society, and the teaching of psychiatric nursing was responsible for creating control agents who acted as helpers in the fight against evil that was limited to behavior outside of standard (5,10) . The discipline 'Nurse Art in Nervous and Mental Disorders' of the DNSP school was in the curriculum with small hours (10,16,(28)(29)37) . However, it is stated that the discipline was not even given because they thought it was harmful to the students.…”

“…However, it is stated that the discipline was not even given because they thought it was harmful to the students. Only from 1935 did psychiatric nursing education become a compulsory subject, using minimal scientific knowledge to care for the mentally ill (12,(28)(29)37) .…”

“…As far as the profile or expected competences of the student, from 1930 the contents deal with clinical aspects of the mental illness with a biologicist practice of hospital performance (13,30) . The teaching of pathologies and syndromes was given by the psychiatrist (29) . In this first moment of formalization of nursing education, the contents were limited to signs and symptoms and definitions of pathological charts (29,35,(37)(38) .…”