Raptors and "campo-cerrado" bird mixed flock led by Cypsnagra Hirundinacea (Emberizidae:Thraupinae)

Ragusa-Netto, J.

doi:10.1590/s0034-71082000000300011

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Gaddis (1980) pointed out the importance of alertness and communication by alarm calls as the major trait of nuclear species for mixed flock cohesion. Some studies on Neotropical mixed flocks have shown the existence of anti-predatory mechanisms in the nuclear species, which are related to an earlier perception of raptors (Munn and Terborgh, 1979;Alves and Cavalcanti, 1996;Ragusa-Netto, 2000, 2002. Because such birds are highly alert, they spot approaching raptors earlier, as well as being aware of fellow group members giving alarm calls (Sullivan, 1984a,b;RagusaNetto, 2000;2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, most other species closely inspect the substrate. As the reduction of predation risk is among the major features for bird cohesion in mixed flocks (Gaddis, 1981;Ragusa-Netto, 2000;2002), the enhanced alertness exhibited by S. suiriri besides their other conspicuous traits, may at least partly explain the permanence of this species in the front of mixed flocks while foraging in the tecoma savanna.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, once a mixed flock was detected, around five minutes was spent for the habituation of birds to the observer, who followed the mixed flocks for at least 30 minutes (an observation period), and recorded: a) species and individuals at every 30 minutes, b) the species which was in the front of conspicuous (>20 m) mixed flocks displacements, and c) all contact calls given by birds during a period of 10 minutes (always 15 minutes after the beginning of an observation period). The contact calls were distinguished from alarm calls due to the absence of evasive responses (Ragusa-Netto, 2000, 2002.…”

Section: Behavioral Traits Of Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Birds of these mixed flocks often forage within the canopy of trees and bushes or among grasses on the ground (Greig-Smith, 1978). Particularly, the nuclear species of these mixed flocks are both social and highly alert (Alves and Cavalcanti, 1996;Ragusa-Netto, 2000;2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taking in to account that different traits may explain the role of nuclear species (Goodale and Kotagama, 2005), and that in savannas, the nuclear species are the ones with greater sensitivity to the presence of predators (Alves and Cavalcanti, 1996;Ragusa-Netto, 2000, 2002, it is important to examine which traits potentially may be related to the existence of nuclear species in this savanna of the Pantanal. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the structure and composition of bird mixed flocks in a tecoma savanna in the southern Pantanal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Bird mixed-flocks and nuclear species in a tecoma savanna in the Pantanal

Ragusa-Netto

2008

Braz. J. Biol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In bird mixed flocks, a prominent species, the so-called nuclear species, improves the cohesion and maintenance of the flocks, while other less conspicuous species are assumed as satellite. In this study we described the composition, as well as examined the existence of both nuclear and satellite species in mixed flocks of a savanna in the Pantanal. The observations were developed using three transects during the dry season of 2002. Bird species abundance and respective rate of participation in mixed flocks were surveyed by transects, while intraspecific sociality, communication, foraging maneuvers of species, and responses to predators were sampled by direct observations. These parameters were evaluated to distinguish nuclear from satellite species. We observed 41 bird mixed flocks, which included from 2 to 17 species of which Suiriri suiriri (Vieillot), one of the most abundant species, was present in most flocks, often represented by 2-4 individuals, whereas most other species occurred lone or in pairs. While foraging by acrobatic maneuvers S. suiriri often gave contact calls, as well as earlier giving alarm calls if faced with a risk of predation. In addition, S. suiriri always started mixed flocks movements. Conversely, most other species were silent and closely inspected the vegetation while foraging. Such species always followed S. suiriri and seldom gave contact calls. Hence, the conspicuous traits exhibited by S. suiriri, potentially, are exploited by the other bird species as cues, which are important references for bird mixed flock cohesion in a savanna in the southern Pantanal.Keywords: bird mixed flocks, nuclear species, Pantanal, Suiriri suiriri, social behavior. Bandos mistos de aves e espécie nuclear em uma savana de ipês no Pantanal ResumoEm bandos mistos de aves, a espécie nuclear possui características que promovem a coesão e manutenção dos bandos, enquanto espécies menos conspícuas são consideradas satélites. Este estudo teve como objetivos descrever a composição, bem como analisar a existência de espécies nucleares e satélites em bandos mistos em um tipo de savana do Pantanal Sul. As observações foram desenvolvidas ao longo de três trajetos durante a estação seca de 2002. A abundância das espécies e respectiva taxa de participação nos bandos mistos foram amostradas através de trajetos, enquanto dados sobre socialidade intra-específica, comunicação, manobras de forrageio e reação a predadores foram obtidos através de observações diretas. Esses parâmetros foram adotados como critérios, para distinguir espécies nucleares de satélites. Foram detectados 41 bandos mistos que incluíram de 2 a 17 espécies, sendo que Suiriri suiriri, uma das espécies mais abundantes na savana de ipês, esteve presente em praticamente todos os bandos, na forma de um par ou grupo de indivíduos que, regularmente, emitiam chamados de contato, enquanto forrageavam executando manobras acrobáticas. Também, emitiram chamados de alarme quando em risco de predação e foram seguidos pelas demais espécies durante os desloc...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Behavioral Traits Of Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Bird mixed-flocks and nuclear species in a tecoma savanna in the Pantanal

Ragusa-Netto

2008

Braz. J. Biol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Helpers at the nest of White-banded Tanager Neothraupis fasciata benefit male breeders but do not increase reproductive success

Manica

Marini

2011

J Ornithol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In cooperatively breeding birds, breeders can adjust their parental care investment without affecting nestling survival probability and save energy to invest in other activities, such as feeding, mating or territory defense. Furthermore, helpers at the nest can improve nestling nutrition and hence the reproductive performance of the breeding pair. We determined the influence of helpers on nestling feeding effort and reproductive success of breeders in the neotropical White-banded Tanager (Neothraupis fasciata). We monitored nests during the breeding seasons of 2006 and 2007 in central Brazil. Males showed a compensatory reduction of their food delivery rate in the presence of helpers, whereas females exhibited the same parental effort regardless of having helpers. Total food delivery rate was higher for nests with helpers, but there was no effect of helpers on reproductive performance of breeders (clutch size, hatching rate, fledgling productivity and reproductive success). Our results indicate that cooperative breeding in the White-banded Tanager appears to be important for males to reduce their parental care effort and, hence, invest in their survival or future reproductive attempts. Zusammenfassung Bei kooperativ brütenden Vögeln können Brüter ihren Brutpflegeaufwand anpassen, ohne dass dies die Ü berlebenswahrscheinlichkeit der Nestlinge beeinträchtigt, und Energie sparen, die dann in andere Aktivitäten, wie Nahrungsaufnahme, Paarung oder Revierverteidigung, investiert werden kann. Außerdem können Helfer am Nest die Ernährung der Nestlinge und somit die Fortpflanzungsleistung des Brutpaares verbessern. Wir haben ermittelt, wie sich Helfer auf den NestlingsFütterungsaufwand und den Fortpflanzungserfolg von brü-tenden neotropischen Flügelbindentangaren (Neothraupis fasciata) auswirken. Wir haben Nester während der Brutsaisons 2006 und 2007 in Zentralbrasilien überwacht. Männchen zeigten eine kompensatorische Reduktion ihrer Fütterungsrate in Anwesenheit von Helfern, während Weibchen denselben Elternaufwand zeigten, unabhängig davon, ob sie Helfer hatten oder nicht. Die Gesamtfütterungsrate war für Nester mit Helfern höher, doch Helfer hatten keinen Einfluss auf die Fortpflanzungsleistung von Brütern (Gelegegröße, Schlupfrate, Flügglingsproduktion und Fortpflanzungserfolg). Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass kooperatives Brüten bei Flügelbindentangaren für Männchen wichtig zu sein scheint, um ihren Brutpflegeaufwand zu reduzieren und folglich in ihr Ü berleben oder weitere Fortpflanzungsversuche zu investieren.

show abstract

References

2017

Mixed-Species Groups of Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Raptors and "campo-cerrado" bird mixed flock led by Cypsnagra Hirundinacea (Emberizidae:Thraupinae)

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Bird mixed-flocks and nuclear species in a tecoma savanna in the Pantanal

Bird mixed-flocks and nuclear species in a tecoma savanna in the Pantanal

Helpers at the nest of White-banded Tanager Neothraupis fasciata benefit male breeders but do not increase reproductive success

References

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About