Ciência além dos cálculos

Abstract

Science Beyond Calculations Medical science is familiar with the Cartesian doctrine, in which proof and counterproof are fundamental to accept a specific factor observed. Moreover, almost always, it is advisable to present those proofs based on calculations that prove the results mathematically. Thus, the investigative actions are always based on rigid protocols in which, by specific methods, particularities of the phenomenon observed are measured and counted. Methods thus conceived are known as quantitative in scientific jargon. However, other investigative methods may be appropriate, especially in areas in which measuring and counting are almost impossible, or the observed phenomenon does not bear application of the quantitative method, or when this phenomenon is observed in another way during production of data. In the present issue, the study of Pereira et al. is consistent with this other type of investigation. The method was not planned to measure or count variables, but to study these variables qualitatively. This type of study may cause some wonder, or even dismiss this type of reading among those used to read articles based on quantitative methods. However, their study has all the characteristic elements of a qualitative scientific investigation, producing results, discussion, and conclusion based on the results observed. According to Black 1 , it is easier to accept results if they are expressed in numbers, i.e., quantified, even if the conclusion is reductionist or even unlikely. Qualitative investigators seek the truth beyond numbers. Their aim is to study the phenomenon in its natural context, trying to find its meaning, or interpret it, as a function of the meaning people attributes it. Thus, they use the "holistic perspective that preserves the complexities of human behavior" 2. Nowadays, the thought that the quantitative approach excludes qualitative investigation has become obsolete. In the field of primary health care or investigation on health