Efeitos de concentrações crescentes de lidocaína hiperbárica, administradas no espaço subaracnóideo, sobre a medula espinhal e as meninges: estudo experimental em cães

Abstract

In this study, spinal lidocaine in concentrations above 7.5% in single injection through Quincke needle has determined histological changes on spinal cord, but not on meninges.

Neurotoxicity of Subarachnoid Preservative-Free S (+)-Ketamine in Dogs

“…In our study, a constant volume of 1 mL S (+)-ketamine was injected into the intrathecal space, irrespective of body weight and spine length of the dogs, in order to avoid changes related to dispersal of the solution in the groups as reported by other investigators (29,31). It is well established that increasing anesthetic dose and volume can change the subarachnoid spinal fluid dispersal (39,40).…”

“…In the present study, the dog was chosen as the experimental model because of its availability for study, the anatomical similarity of its spine to the human spine, and the presence of well-established models for this type of experiment (28)(29)(30)(31). The spine of dogs consists of 7 cervical, 13 thoracic, 7 lumbar, 3 fused sacral and 5 caudal or coccygeal vertebrae (33).…”

“…Subarachnoid administration of S (+)-ketamine has also been associated with less intense side effects when compared to racemic ketamine administered by the same route, without signs of damage to the spinal cord (26). However, important histopathological alterations, especially central chromatolysis and gliosis were observed in the spinal cord of a patient who re-length of the spine (28)(29)(30)(31).…”

“…The lumbosacral region was exposed for identification and removal of the lumbar and sacral portions of the spinal cord. The lumbar and sacral portions of the spinal cord were removed within 3 minutes of death (28)(29)(30)(31). The specimens were fixed in 10% formalin for microscopic examination.…”