Tourette's syndrome: from demonic possession and psychoanalysis to the discovery of gene

Germiniani, Francisco Manoel Branco; Miranda, Anna Paula P.; Ferenczy, Peter; Munhoz, Renato P.; Teive, Hélio A.G.

doi:10.1590/s0004-282x2012000700014

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Despite that our sample was from a middle educational level, witchcraft and evil eye were identified as etiologies of SLE. Witchcraft has been deemed the cause of certain diseases [9,10] or as a preventive measure in other instances [11]. Similar to our findings, Jassim and Whitford evaluated the perception of Bahraini female patients suffering from breast cancer and found that evil eye was believed to be a fundamental cause of their illness [12].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Awareness and Misconceptions of Female Students in King Saud University on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Omair

AlOhaly²,

Alashgar

et al. 2015

Rheumatology (Sunnyvale)

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Objectives:To determine the level of awareness of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) among preparatory year program female students enrolling in King Saud University. Methods:The authors developed a self-administered questionnaire to estimate the level of awareness on SLE. According to their scores, respondents are classified as knowledge adequate if they could answer 11 (35.5%) of the question. Descriptive statistics were calculated in terms of mean and standard. Chi-square and T tests were used to compare different subgroups for nominal and continuous variables respectively.Results: Six hundred thirty participants completed the questionnaire. Mean age ± (SD) was 18.6 ± (1.17), 591(93.8%) were of Saudi nationality, and 607(96.3%) were single. The number of respondents in each university section was as follows: Humanity 228(36.2%), Health 201(31.9%), and Science 201(31.9%). One participant (0.02%) reported the diagnosis of SLE. Seventy-nine (12.5%) knew someone diagnosed with SLE. Two hundred fifty two (40%) have previously heard the term SLE. Of those, 73(29%) had adequate knowledge on SLE with a superior knowledge in participants who knew someone with SLE (p=0.018). In regards to the etiology of SLE, 71 (28.2%) identified it as an autoimmune disease. While 39(15.5%) thought it is infectious, 56(22.2%) attributed it to evil eye and 12(4.8%) believed it is the result of an act of sorcery or witch crafting. When asked about the preferred future source of knowledge, 476(75.6%) have chosen to obtain it directly from health care providers, while 183(29%) preferred social media. Conclusion:The awareness on SLE among university participants is low. Future educational campaigns are needed to increase awareness and rectify misconceptions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Awareness and Misconceptions of Female Students in King Saud University on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Omair

AlOhaly²,

Alashgar

et al. 2015

Rheumatology (Sunnyvale)

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“…The observation that tic disorders were familial raised the possibility that TS was genetic. Twin studies confirmed the higher concordance of tics in monozygotic compared to dizygotic twins; early family studies also suggested that TS was an autosomal dominant condition . TS is likely a multigenic condition; however, the specific gene or genes involved in this disorder remain largely unknown despite much active research .…”

Section: Historical Contextmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Ferenczi's explanation that tics were one of many consequences of repressed childhood sexuality contributed to the foundation of the psychoanalysis of tic disorders, a theory that was later updated and popularized by Margaret Mahler in the 1940s . The theory that motor and vocal tics were of psychological origin, resulting from repressed sexual and aggressive conflicts, led to a predominant viewpoint that psychoanalytic psychotherapy was the treatment of choice for patients presenting with life‐impairing movements and vocalizations, despite limited evidence for its efficacy . The primary competing viewpoint continued to be one of physiological origin, focused on infectious disease, supported by an epidemic of encephalitis with tic symptoms in the early 1920s and reported relief of tics following surgeries involving the sinuses or tonsils .…”

Section: Historical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

The future of tic disorder treatment

Bennett

Keller

Walkup

2013

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Competing theories on the etiology and treatment of chronic tic disorders and Tourette syndrome have long made the search for efficacious intervention more challenging for patients and families seeking to reduce functional impairment related to tic symptoms. These symptoms were historically posited to be either psychological in origin, leading to the long tradition of psychoanalytic psychotherapy for tics, or biological in nature, particularly since the advent of successful treatments using neuroleptic medications. Current thinking about the phenomenology of tic disorders comes from growing empirical evidence as well as advances in neuroscience and genetics research and reveals a biological vulnerability that is exacerbated by physiological arousal related to environmental or interpersonal stress. This manuscript summarizes the evolution of this knowledge base and describes current best-practice recommendations for patients, families, and clinicians.

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“…This is an understandable concern given how some in the professional psychological community conceptualized TS in the past (e.g., the psychoanalytic movement of the early 1900s; see Germiniani, Miranda, Ferenczy, Munhoz, & Teive, 2012; Kushner, 1999). Medical professionals and advocacy groups have made great strides in educating the general population about TS and decreasing stigma surrounding the disorder by emphasizing its place as a medical condition.…”

Section: Factors Influencing the Utilization Of Behavior Therapy For Tsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral treatments for Tourette syndrome

Capriotti

Himle

Woods

2014

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

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Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric condition associated with substantial distress and functional impairment. Pharmacotherapy has traditionally been considered the first-line intervention for this condition, but there is strong evidence that behavior therapy is a comparably effective treatment option. Here we review empirically supported behavior therapy protocols for treating TS and the evidence associated with each. Potential mechanisms through which behavior therapy operates and concerns surrounding the utilization of behavioral interventions are also discussed.

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Tourette's syndrome: from demonic possession and psychoanalysis to the discovery of gene

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Awareness and Misconceptions of Female Students in King Saud University on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Awareness and Misconceptions of Female Students in King Saud University on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

The future of tic disorder treatment

Behavioral treatments for Tourette syndrome

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