Chemokines in CSF of Alzheimer's disease patients

Corrêa, Jôice Dias; Starling, Daniela Siqueira Veloso; Teixeira, Antônio Lúcio; Caramelli, Paulo; Silva, Tarcı́lia Aparecida

doi:10.1590/s0004-282x2011000400009

Cited by 66 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Growing evidence further indicates that various chemokines and chemokine receptors are up-regulated in CNS cells from AD brain (Xia and Hyman 1999). In AD and in its prodromal stage, MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1) (CCL2) and IL-8 (CXCL8) are increased both in brain tissue and in CSF (Ishizuka et al 1997;Correa et al 2011). CCR5 (C-C chemokine receptor 5) reactive microglia was found associated with amyloid deposits in AD patients' brain (Xia et al 1998).…”

Section: Adam17 and Ad-related Neuroinflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distinct Role of ADAM17 in APP Proteolysis and Microglial Activation Related to Alzheimer’s Disease

Meng

Wang

2015

Cell Mol Neurobiol

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with the symptom of cognitive impairment. The deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide is believed to be the primary cause to neuronal dystrophy and eventually dementia. Aβ is the proteolytic product from its precursor amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ- secretase. An optional cleavage by α-secretase happens inside the Aβ domain. ADAM17 is supposed to be the regulated α-secretase of APP. Enhanced activity of ADAM17 leads to the increasing secretion of neuroprotective soluble APP α fragment and reduction of Aβ generation, which may be benefit to the disease. ADAM17 is then considered the potential therapeutic target for AD. Microglia activation and neuroinflammation is another important event in AD pathogenesis. Interestingly, ADAM17 also participates in the cleavage of many other membrane-bound proteins, especially some inflammatory factors related to microglia activation. The facilitating role of ADAM17 in inflammation and further neuronal damage has also been illustrated. In results, the activation of ADAM17 as the solution to AD may be a tricky task. The comprehensive consideration and evaluation has to be carried out carefully before the final treatment. In the present review, the distinct role of ADAM17 in AD-related APP shedding and neuroinflammatory microglial activation will be carefully discussed.

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Section: Adam17 and Ad-related Neuroinflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distinct Role of ADAM17 in APP Proteolysis and Microglial Activation Related to Alzheimer’s Disease

Meng

Wang

2015

Cell Mol Neurobiol

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“…Increased CSF CCL2 has been associated with a faster cognitive decline in MCI patients who developed AD [176]. CCL2 levels in CSF were increased in AD patients compared with healthy controls [177,178], as well as in the MCI stage of the disease [179]. However, one study failed to report any significant differences between AD patients and controls [180].…”

Section: Biomarkers For Inflammation Oxidative Stress and Microgliamentioning

confidence: 99%

CSF in Alzheimer's Disease

Zetterberg

Lautner

Skillbäck

et al. 2014

Advances in Clinical Chemistry

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“…The expression of CSF chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), a member of the chemokine family that plays a significant role in infl ammatory processes, is increased in AD and is positively correlated with p-tau levels [82] . CCL2 may serve as a potential biomarker to monitor the progression of AD.…”

Section: Infl Ammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease

Sui

Yang

2014

Neurosci. Bull.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that takes about a decade to develop, making early diagnosis possible. Clinically, the diagnosis of AD is complicated, costly, and inaccurate, so it is urgent to fi nd specifi c biomarkers. Due to its multifactorial nature, a panel of biomarkers for the multiple pathologies of AD, such as cerebral amyloidogenesis, neuronal dysfunction, synapse loss, oxidative stress, and infl ammation, are most promising for accurate diagnosis. Highly sensitive and high-throughput proteomic techniques can be applied to develop a panel of novel biomarkers for AD. In this review, we discuss the metabolism and diagnostic performance of the well-established core candidate cerebrospinal fl uid (CSF) biomarkers (β-amyloid, total tau, and hyperphosphorylated tau). Meanwhile, novel promising CSF biomarkers, especially those identifi ed by proteomics, updated in the last fi ve years are also extensively discussed. Furthermore, we provide perspectives on how biomarker discovery for AD is evolving.Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; biomarker; cerebrospinal fl uid; β-amyloid; tau; proteomics ·Review· Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is becoming more prevalent due to the increasing population of people aged over 65 [1] .It is estimated that it will affect 66 million by 2030 and 115 million by 2050 worldwide if no effective therapeutic strategies are found [2] . Clinically, AD is characterized by cognitive impairment, progressive disturbance of daily activities, many neuropsychiatric symptoms, and behavioral deterioration [3][4][5][6][7][8] . Pathologically, it is characterized by deposition of extracellular neuritic plaques composed of β-amyloid (Aβ) [9] and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) consisting of a hyperphosphorylated form of the microtubule-associated protein tau [10][11][12] . Besides, loss of neurons and synapses is also a pathological hallmark of AD [13][14][15] . The worldwide cost of dementia is huge and expected to skyrocket in the next few years. AD may become one of the most marked social, health, and economic challenges in the twenty-fi rst century [16] .Clinically, the procedure for the diagnosis of AD is diffi cult and complex. Neuropsychological tests, such as the mini-mental state examination, magnetic resonance imaging of hippocampal volume, and clinical assessment, are used to aid in diagnosis. However, a defi nitive diagnosis of AD requires confirmation at autopsy. It is estimated to take 8-10 years or longer before mild cognitive impairment (MCI) develops into AD [17,18] . Meanwhile, intervention therapies work most effectively in the early stage of AD. Thus, it is urgent and feasible to seek novel specifi c biomarkers to aid in diagnosis and the evaluation of treatments [19] . Surrounding the brain and spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an ideal source refl ecting biochemical changes in the brain of the AD patient [20] . Extensive studies have focused on seeking AD biomarkers in CSF.A comprehensive search of the Web of Science (Janua...

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Chemokines in CSF of Alzheimer's disease patients

Cited by 66 publications

References 27 publications

The Distinct Role of ADAM17 in APP Proteolysis and Microglial Activation Related to Alzheimer’s Disease

The Distinct Role of ADAM17 in APP Proteolysis and Microglial Activation Related to Alzheimer’s Disease

CSF in Alzheimer's Disease

Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease

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