Caudal duplication syndrome

A case report of a male 6-day-old male layer chick featuring incomplete polymelia of the hind limbs and hindgut malformations is presented. The chick was submitted to computed tomography (CT) examination and subsequent anatomical dissection. Apart from the two supernumerary hind limbs, the anatomical dissection revealed additional hindgut alterations: three uniform-sized caeca flanked the ileum, and the rectum branched into paired cloacae. The supernumerary hind limbs were localized caudal to the normal hind limbs in an inverted position and were attached to pelvic girdle elements and to a curtate pygostyle. They featured a prominent unpaired femur besides paired tibiotarsi, tarsometatarsi and species-specific phalanges of the toes. Additionally, two separate bones attached to the caudoventral aspect of the regular hip bones were developed. The supernumerary limbs were in part mobile and received nerve and vascular supply. Digital 3D-reconstruction based on the CT datasets revealed the osseous components of the malformed body parts. The possible morphogenesis including an in-depth literature review and the clinical implications of the reported malformations are discussed.

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“…malformation of the spinal nerves. Scoliosis was also described in a case of human caudal duplication syndrome (Taneja et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Polymelous Layer Chick Displaying Additional Malformations of the Hind Gut: Case Report and In‐Depth Review of Related Literature

Hirschberg

Saleh

Kaiser³

et al. 2012

Anat Histol Embryol

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“…Incesu et al [10] reported another adolescent case of a 15-year-old girl complaining of back pain, and diagnosed asymmetric lumbar spine duplication with spinal cord tethering secondary to a filum lipoma in the sacrum. The other cases of duplication of spine were symptomatic with neurovascular, genitourinary, or gastrointestinal abnormalities [4,9,11]; some of these cases could be regarded as a form of caudal duplication [2,6,14] and in some cases, there is a cleft in the spine rather than two formed spinal columns with two hemi-cords [3]. To the best of our knowledge, any of the reported cases of duplication of spine describes a lipomyelomeningocele as in our case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Duplication of spine with hemi-lipomyelomeningocele

2013

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Background Duplication of the spine is very rare, and this malformation is generally considered as a severe form of type I split cord malformations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of spine duplication associated with lipomyelomeningocele. Case We report an exceptional case of 14-year-old, asymptomatic and neurologically intact girl with duplication of the spine and marked separation of bony elements at thoraco-lumbar region. One of the split thecal sacs includes a tethered spinal cord whereas other thecal sac has no visible neural content, and there is a neighbor lipomyelomeningocele located in the midline. Conclusion A surgical operation was planned to release the tethered cord and instrumentation and fusion for scoliosis; however, the operation was declined by the patient.

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“…Shah and Joshi [2] reported the case of an asymptomatic adult female with duplication of colon, rectum, anus, urinary bladder (UB), urethra, uterus, cervix, vagina, and external genitalia. Complete duplication of the urethra, aorta, and lower thoracic and lumbar vertebra with sacrococcygeal Two urinary bladders (asterisks) and septum in between (black arrow) are seen anteriorly agenesis, spinal lipoma, and anorectal malformation in a female neonate was reported by Taneja et al [4]. In a 2-year-old female child, a case of abnormal mass in the perineum with undeveloped feet, duplication of colon, external genitalia, and lumbosacral vertebra was reported by D'Costa et al [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Various theories have been suggested. Incomplete separation of monozygotic twin has been postulated as the etiologic factor [3,4] by Edwards [2]. Abnormal adherence between ectoderm and endoderm has been indicated as the cause, by Pang et al [4,5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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