Aprendizagem de procedimentos e efeitos ansiolíticos: medidas eletrencefalográficas, motora e atencional

Abstract

RESUMO -O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar parâmetros atencionais, motores e eletre n c e f a l o g r á f i c o s durante uma tarefa de procedimentos em sujeitos que ingeriram 6mg de bromazepam. A amostra consistiu de 26 sujeitos saudáveis, ambos os sexos, entre 19 e 36 anos. Os grupos controle e experimental foram submetidos à tarefa datilográfica em desenho duplo-cego randomizado. Os achados não revelaram difere n ç a s nas medidas atencionais e motoras entre os grupos. Foram avaliadas medidas de coerência (EEGq) entre regiões do escalpo nas bandas teta, alfa e beta. Análise inicial revelou um efeito principal para condição (Anova 2-critérios de variação -condição versus blocos). Uma segunda Anova, também com 2 critérios de variação (condição versus região do escalpo), demonstrou um efeito principal para ambos os fatores. Em conclusão, a medida de coerência parece não ser uma ferramenta sensível para demonstrar diferenças entre á reas corticais em função de uma tarefa de pro c e d i m e n t o s .PALAVRAS-CHAVE: mapeamento cerebral, EEGq, coerência, treino motor, ansiolíticos.P rocedural learning and anxiolytic effects: electroencephalographic, motor and attentional measure s ABSTRACT -The objective of the present study was to evaluate attentional, motor and electro e n c e p h a l o g r a p h i c (EEG) parameters during a procedural task when subjects have ingested 6mg of bromazepam. The sample consisted of 26 healthy subjects, male or female, between 19 and 36 years of age. The control (placebo) and experimental (bromazepam 6mg) groups were submitted to a typewriting task in a randomized, double-blind design. The findings did not show significant diff e rences in attentional and motor measures between gro u p s . C o h e rence measures (qEEG) were evaluated between scalp regions, in theta, alpha and beta bands. A first analysis revealed a main effect for condition (Anova-2way -condition versus blocks). A second Anova 2-way (condition versus scalp regions) showed a main effect for both factors. The coherence measure was not a sensitive tool at demonstrating diff e rences between cortical areas as a function of procedural learn i n g . KEY WORDS: brain mapping, qEEG, coherence, motor tranning, motor sensory integration, anxiolitics. algumas patologias. Neste contexto, variáveis eletrencefalográficas vêm sendo analisadas em função da sua estreita relação com processos de aprendizagem motora. Em especial, a medida de coerência pa-A memória de procedimentos tem sido foco de investigações diversas. Ao longo dos anos torn o u -s e vital o entendimento deste tipo de memória em função da associação direta com tarefas do cotidiano e

The effects of bromazepam over the central and frontal areas during a motor task: an EEG study

“…The results demonstrated a main effect for the condition factor in the frontal F3-Fz and central C3-Cz. Despite the difference between the task executed in the study by Portella 12 and the task executed in the present research, our results in the frontal area are similar to the ones found in his study. Hubl 14 investigated the changes in the brain electrical activity in individuals who ingested olanzapine, using EEG and P300.…”

“…Even though we were not able to observe an effect caused by the task on alpha, i.e., we did not find a main effect for moment, our data demonstrate that the laterality (i.e., all individuals were right-handed and executed the task with their right hand) interfered in the bromazepam action on the electro cortical activity. This can be explained by the fact that a difference was found between the placebo and bromazepam conditions only on the middle line of the somatomotor cortex (Cz) and in the somatomotor cortex contralateral to the movement (C3), with no significant result found in the ipsilateral motor cortex (C4), specifically, for the C3 electrode, which is located above the area responsible for the cortical representation of the right hand 12 . In a previous study, Silva 30 aimed at investigating bromazepam modulating effect on alpha and beta bands in primary motor areas (M1).…”

“…We also identified a decrease of absolute beta power for the electrodes Fp1, Fp2, F7, F3, F4 and F8. In a previous study, Portella 12 investigated alterations of the attention levels in the motor performance using typing, and electroencephalographic parameters because of the administration of 6 mg of bromazepam. Specifically, they analyzed coherence differences in the alpha, beta, and theta bands in the frontal, central and parietal areas during the execution of four blocks of motor task.…”

“…The benzodiazepines are psychoactive substances used in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety, agitation, muscle spasms and other dysfunctions related to the CNS 11 . Despite the existence of some results related to the influence of bromazepam in learning and motor task execution 4,9,10,12 , there are still some gaps to be filled within the topic. Several studies report the influence of bromazepam in the EEG during a motor task, most of these studies investigated beta and theta frequency 4,9,10,11,13,14 .…”

Cognitive mechanisms and motor control during a saccadic eye movement task: evidence from quantitative electroencephalography

“…Among the frequency bands related to premotor and motor activities, the beta band ( from 12 to 30 Hz) is largely investigated, and some studies have demonstrated a beta decrease during the preparation and execution of voluntary movements. Furthermore, it is a fast frequency of reduced amplitude that indicates mental and attention activities 6 . The activation of cortical areas involved in sensorimotor integration, attention and visual processing shows the connection between these processes 7 .…”