Are the angiotensin-converting enzime gene and acticity risk factors for stroke?

Abstract

-Stroke is a multifactorial disease in which genetic factors play an important role. This study was carried out to determine angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism in Turkish acute s t roke patients and to establish whether there is an association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism with clinical parameters. In this study 185 patients and 50 controls were re c ruited. We have investigated the association among the allelic distribution of the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene identified by polymerase chain reaction. Distribution of ACE gene I/D genotypes and allele frequencies in patients were not significantly diff e rent from controls. D allele frequencies were 57.8% in patients versus 53.0% in controls and I allele 42.2% versus 47% re s p e c t i v e l y. History of hypert e nsion, stroke, renal, heart and vessel diseases incidence and age, gender, systolic-diastolic blood pre s s u re s and creatinine levels were significantly high in patients. But these results and ACE activities had no significant diff e rences among the ACE genotypes in patients and controls. Our results suggest that the ACE gene polymorphism is not associated with the pathogenesis of stroke in Turkish stroke patients.KEY WORDS: ACE gene, PCR, polymorphism, stroke.São fatores de risco para acidente vascular cerebral o gene e a atividade da enzima conversora de angiotensina ?RESUMO -O acidente vascular cerebral (AV C ) é doença multifatorial em que fatores genéticos desempenham papel importante. Este estudo foi desenvolvido para verificar o polimorfismo do gene da enzima conversora da angiotensina (ECA) em pacientes turcos com AVC agudo e estabelecer se existe associação do gene I/D da ECA com parâmetros clínicos. O estudo foi realizado com 185 pacientes e 50 controles. A associação entre a distribuição alélica da inserção / deleção (I/D) do polimorfismo do gene da ECA foi estudada pela reação em cadeia da polimerase. A distribuição dos genótipos I/D do gene da ECA e suas fre q ü ê ncias não apresentaram significância estatística quando comparados os pacientes e controles. As fre q ü ê ncias dos alelos D foram 57,8% nos pacientes versus 53% nos controles e dos alelos I 42,2% versus 47% re spectivamente. Antecedentes de hipertensão, AVC, doença renal, doenças cardíacas, idade, gênero, pre s s ã o a rterial sistólica e diastólica e níveis de creatinina foram significantemente elevados no grupo dos pacientes. No entanto estes resultados quando comparados com a atividade e o polimorfismo do gene da ECA não a p resentaram diferenças estatísticas entre o grupo de pacientes e controles. Nossos resultados sugere m que o polimorfismo do gene da ECA não é associado com a patogênese do AVC em paciente turcos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: gene da ECA, PCR, polimorfismo, acidente vascular cerebral. S t roke re p resents a leading cause of death, in most countries together with coro n a ry art e ry dise a s e 1 . Stroke, especially ischemic stroke, can be presenting feature of a number of single-gene diso...

Angiotensin-converting enzyme tag single nucleotide polymorphisms in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage

“…To our knowledge, this has been the first study to date investigating the effect of ACE tag SNPs in patients with ICH. All earlier studies have investigated the role of ACE I/D polymorphism but with conflicting results [15][16][17][18]20,21]. We used two independent populations to test for replication of any significant association.…”

“…An insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of ACE gene (rs4646994) has been linked to several diseases including atherosclerosis [12], Alzheimer's disease [13], and ICH [14][15][16][17][18][19], sometimes with conflicting results. Slowik et al [14] first noticed that ACE DD genotype increased the risk of nonlobar ICH [odds ratio (OR) 2.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-5.31, P = 0.02].…”

“…Slowik et al [14] first noticed that ACE DD genotype increased the risk of nonlobar ICH [odds ratio (OR) 2.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-5.31, P = 0.02]. However, four other studies fail to replicate this finding in patients with ICH [15][16][17][18]. A subsequent meta-analysis of these studies including 280 cases and 719 controls did not support a contribution of ACE I/D polymorphism in the risk of ICH [20].…”

Angiotensin-converting enzyme deletion allele is beneficial for the longevity of Europeans

“…Some of the conducted studies showed positive association of DD genotype and increased risk of myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis (AgerholmLarsen et al 2000;Sayed-Tabatabaei et al 2003). However, a great number of studies, including metaanalyses, associating ACE I/D with hypertension (HT), cardiomyopathy, and coronary arthery disease showed controversial results (Jeunemaitre et al 1992bLindpaintner et al 1995;Staessen et al 1997;Sharma 1998;Dikmen et al 2006;Xu et al 2008;VaisiRaygani et al 2010). Furthermore, recent studies have unravelled roles of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and, particularly, its main effector molecule angiotensin II in inflammation, autoimmunity, and aging (Papadopoulos et al 2000;Pueyo et al 2000;Suzuki et al 2003;Kitayama et al 2006;de Cavanagh et al 2007;Platten et al 2009;Benigni et al 2010).…”

Genetic polymorphisms for the study of multifactorial stroke

“…ACE gene polymorphisms have been widely studied in stroke, after the report of increased risk of myocardial infarction in DD genotype carriers [Cambien et al, 1992]. We found three meta-analysis and 12 case-control studies (Table 4) [Casas et al, 2004;Banerjee et al, 2007;Ariyaratnam et al, 2007;Szolnoki et al, 2003;Karagiannis et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2004;Varda et al, 2005;Brenner et al, 2005;Szolnoki et al, 2005;Dikmen et al, 2006aPera et al, 2006;Gormley et al, 2007;Lalouschek et al, 2007, Berger et al, 2007 on this subject. The meta-analysis of Casas et al [2004] reported an increased risk of stroke in D/D carriers.…”