Superficial temporal artery (STA) aneurysms as a result of tranma represent less than 1% of reported aneurysms. During the past 200 years only the type of trauma and the preferred treatment have significantly changed. Patients are generally young men with a recent history of blunt head trauma. They may complain of a mass, headache, or other vague symptoms. Neurologic defects are rare; however, ira neurologic deficit exists, the physician should consider either arteriography or a head CT scan to search for intracranial pathologic conditions. In most cases the diagnosis may be made by obtaining a complete history and physical examination. The treatment of choice is ligation and resection, which may be accomplished with the patient under local or general anesthesia. In rare instances, arteriography with selective embolization may be useful when the traumatic aneurysm is complicated by severe facial trauma. Three cases of STA aneurysms are presented. The history, pathophysiology, origin, presentation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of STA aneurysms are reviewed. (J VASC SURG 1988;8:606-10.) Blunt head injury is the primary cause in the development of aneurysms Of the superficial temporal artery. All physicians treating patients with even minor head trauma should be aware o f this important entity.
CASE REPORTSCase 1. A 74-year-old white man sustained blunt left periorbital trauma. Several hours after the insult, the patient was evaluated for complaints of left periorbital swelling and pain. Physical examination showed a minor left frontal hematoma, abrasions, and periorbital induration. Skull x-ray films showed no fracture. During the next 3 weeks, a pulsatile mass associated with left temporal headaches developed. The patient returned for a second exan~ination and had a 3.0 × 2,5 cm left frontal pulsatile mass with a systolic bruit (Fig. 1). A thrill was not palpable. Arteriography revealed a probable aneurysm of a frontal branch of the STA (Fig. 2). The patient had ligation and resection of a traumatic left STA aneurysm with an uneventful postoperative course.Case 2. An 18-year-old white man sustained blunt trauma to the right side of the face. Two days later a pulsatile mass developed over the temporal and preauricular region. Three weeks after injury the patient came for evaluation of right temporal headaches and decreased hearing in his right ear. A 2.0 cm pulsatile mass anterior to the right tragus was found during physical examination. Skull x-ray films showed no fracture and a CT scan of the head demonstrated an extracranial vascular lesion (Fig, 3). Audiologic evaluation was normal. The patient had ligation and resection of a traumatic aneurysm of the right STA and was discharged from the hospital on fire third postoperative day. Case 3. A 66-year-old white man presented 4 days after blunt trauma to the left side of the forehead. A left frontal abrasion, a 2.0 cm superficial laceration, and a 2.0 cm pulsatile mass with systolic bruit over a frontal branch of the STA were found during ex...