Manifestações neurologicas do hiperparatireoidismo: estudo de 120 casos

Rizzo, Geraldo; Olanow, C. Warren

doi:10.1590/s0004-282x1982000300001

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 47 publications

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“…High levels of PTH have been implicated in several complications associated with uremia. PTH adversely affects the metabolism of various cells and organs; it causes osteitis fibrosa cystica, cardiac arrhythmias [19, 20], peripheral neuropathy [21], anemia (by inhibiting precursors of erythropoiesis) [22, 23], and glucose intolerance [24, 25]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Parathyroid Hormone on Immune Function

Geara

Castellanos

Bassil

et al. 2010

Journal of Immunology Research

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Parathyroid hormone (PTH) function as immunologic mediator has become interesting with the recent usage of PTH analogue (teriparatide) in the management of osteoporosis. Since the early 1980s, PTH receptors were found on most immunologic cells (neutrophils, B and T cells). The in vitro evaluations for a possible role of PTH as immunomodulator have shown inconsistent results mainly due to methodological heterogeneity of these studies: it used different PTH formulations (rat, bovine, and human), at different dosages and different incubating periods. In some of these studies, the lymphocytes were collected from uremic patients or animals, which renders the interpretation of the results problematic due to the effect of uremic toxins. Parathyroidectomy has been found to reverse the immunologic defect in patients with high PTH levels. Nonetheless, the clinical significance of these findings is unclear. Further studies are needed to define if PTH does have immunomodulatory effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Parathyroid Hormone on Immune Function

Geara

Castellanos

Bassil

et al. 2010

Journal of Immunology Research

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Muscular cramps: proposals for a new classification

Parisi

Pierelli

Amabile

et al. 2003

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica

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Muscle cramps are involuntary, painful, sudden contractions of the skeletal muscles. They are present in normal subjects under certain conditions (during a strong voluntary contraction, sleep, sports, pregnancy) and in several pathologies such as myopathies, neuropathies, motoneuron diseases, metabolic disorders, hydroelectrolyte imbalances or endocrine pathologies. There has been considerable uncertainty in the literature regarding the classification and nomenclature of muscle cramps, both because the term "cramp" is used to indicate a variety of clinical features of muscles, leading to its use as an imprecise "umbrella" term that includes stiffness, contractures and local pain, and because the spectrum of the diseases in which it appears is wide. The purpose of the present study is to propose a simple classification to provide a framework to better recognize the full spectrum of phenomenology of muscle cramps.

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Manifestações neurologicas do hiperparatireoidismo: estudo de 120 casos

Cited by 2 publications

References 47 publications

Effects of Parathyroid Hormone on Immune Function

Effects of Parathyroid Hormone on Immune Function

Muscular cramps: proposals for a new classification

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