Muscle Depleted Obesity in Individuals Screened for Colorectal Câncer

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most incident cancer in the world and the second leading cause of cancer death. Significant decreases in incidence and mortality can be achieved by reducing risk factors and adhering to healthy lifestyle recommendations, as well as screening for the disease. Objective: To evaluate the clinical nutritional profile of individuals at medium risk screened for CRC residing in the city of Piranhas/Alagoas. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted from September to October 2020, with individuals at medium risk for CRC, of both sexes and aged between 50 and 70 years old. Participants were screened for CRC with fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) and colonoscopy. Personal, socioeconomic, clinical, lifestyle and nutritional assessment data were collected. The latter was performed using anthropometric data (weight, height, arm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness), body composition (bioimpedance) and physical examination. Descriptive analysis of data frequencies and dichotomization according to the presence or absence of overweight was performed, followed by comparison of means and medians and frequencies by chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Results: In total, 82 people agreed to undergo the clinical nutritional assessment, most of them female (56.1%; n=46), adults (56.1%; n=46), with a mean age of 59.02 years (±6.30 SD). Pre-cancerous lesions were identified in 54.5% (n=42) of those screened, 52.4% (n=43) were smokers or former smokers, and 65.9% (n=54) did not practice scheduled physical activity. Nutritional assessment showed that 64.6% (n=53) were overweight according to body mass index. On the other hand, the muscle mass, % arm muscle circumference adequacy and body muscle mass (kg) markers showed that 32.9% (n=27) and 47.6% (n=39) of the subjects were muscle depleted, respectively. Above all, overweight participants had, in parallel, lower muscle mass (P<0.05), suggesting sarcopenic obesity in this population. Conclusion: Obesity is one of the main risk factors for CRC; when concomitant with sarcopenia, it favors worse health outcomes. In this context, evidence shows the need to assess muscle composition in people with obesity, especially through other methods of assessing body composition. Our results add to the evidence on the importance of the population being guided about screening and adherence to healthy lifestyle recommendations, especially strategies aimed at weight control and the practice of physical activity.