How Is the Diet Quality of Patients With Crohn’s Disease in Clinical Remission Using Infliximab?

Abstract

BACKGROUND: A healthy diet is recommended for patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) in remission. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diet quality of patients with CD. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with patients with CD and clinical remission using the biological agent infliximab. The diet quality was assessed using the Diet Quality Index-Revised (DQI-R). DQI-R was calculated based on 24-hour dietary recalls (24HR), being classified as “inadequate diet” (≤40 points), “diet requiring modifications” (41 to 64 points) and “healthy diet” (≥65 points). Weight, height and waist circumference (WC) of patients were assessed. For comparison between groups, Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney was used. For correlation between continuous variables, Pearson or Spearman coefficient was used. Values of P<0.05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS: A total of 43 patients participated in the study. The final DQI-R score was 49.1 points - “diet requiring modifications”. No patient received the classification of “healthy diet” (maximum score =59.7), 55.8% presented “diet requiring modifications” and 44.2% “inadequate diet”. When comparing the “inadequate diet” and “diet requiring modifications” groups, a lower mean age was observed in the “inadequate diet” group (37.6±14.8 versus 47.4±10.5 y, P=0.02). It was found that 44.2% of the patients were overweight (body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m²) and had increased WC (women: WC ≥80 cm and men: WC ≥94 cm). A positive correlation was found between the final DQI-R score and BMI (P=0.046; r=0.346). CONCLUSION: Patients with CD in clinical remission using infliximab are not adopting a diet considered healthy, which points to the need for an individualized nutritional approach.