Tear film and ocular surface changes in diabetes mellitus

Alves, Mônica; Carvalheira, José Barreto Campello; Módulo, Carolina Maria; Rocha, Eduardo Melani

doi:10.1590/s0004-27492008000700018

Cited by 77 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Although, it is widely accepted that most complications are direct conditioned by hyperglycemia and consequent microvascular damage, which could be minimized by insulin treatment, other mechanisms should be considered [26,27]. For instance, studies indicate that this powerful anabolic hormone is necessary for LG and other tissue proliferation and eye globe growth [28][29][30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of insulin treatment on the lacrimal gland and ocular surface of diabetic rats

Módulo

Jorge

Dias

et al. 2009

Endocr

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Previous studies have observed changes in the lacrimal gland and ocular surface related to diabetes mellitus and related it to insulin resistance or insufficiency and oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether insulin treatment inhibits those changes. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats with a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin and a subgroup was treated with insulin. After 5 and 10 weeks, the three groups (n = 5-10/group/experimental procedure) were compared for biochemical, functional, and histological parameters. After 5 weeks, changes in morphology and increased numbers of lipofucsin-like inclusions were observed in lacrimal glands of diabetic but not insulin-treated rats. After 5 weeks, malonaldehyde and total peroxidase activity were significantly higher in diabetic rats, but similar to control in insulin-treated diabetic rats (P = 0.03, P = 0.02, respectively). Our data indicate that diabetes induces histological alterations in lacrimal gland and suggests that hyperglycemia-related oxidative stress may participate in diabetic dry eye syndrome. Prevention by insulin replacement suggests direct hormone action and/or benefit by early sub optimal metabolic control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insulin is a ubiquitous hormone, responsible for several intracellular and tissue events, mediated by it broad signaling mechanism [6,27]. Its absence after pancreatic beta cells destruction by streptozotocin leads to dehydratation following glycosuria and a catabolic phenomenon that Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of insulin treatment on the lacrimal gland and ocular surface of diabetic rats

Módulo

Jorge

Dias

et al. 2009

Endocr

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“…The severity of the tear film dysfunction is significantly correlated with the severity of the DR, i.e., greater tear film dysfunction in eyes with more proliferative changes of the retina [31]. It was suggested that one or more of the following events may lead to the alterations of the tear film and ocular surface of diabetic patients: a) chronic hyperglycemia, b) corneal nerve damage, and c) impairment of insulin action [32]. Abnormalities in the aqueous, mucin, and lipid tear film layers contributed significantly to a poor ocular surface physiology in diabetic patients [30].…”

Section: Morphological Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corneal Changes in Diabetes Mellitus

Bikbova¹,

Oshitari

Tawada³

et al. 2012

CDR

114

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Diabetes mellitus is a major disease worldwide, and the prevalence of diabetes has risen significantly in the past several decades. Although one of the major complications of diabetic eyes is diabetic retinopathy (DR), corneal diseases can not only develop in diabetic patients but are also difficult to manage. Diabetic neurotrophic keratopathy is a component of diabetic polyneuropathy and is recognized to be the cause of the morbidity of the cornea in diabetic patients. In addition, corneal endothelial cell damage can cause disturbances in the management of proliferative DR before and after surgeries because of endothelial decompensation with bullous keratopathy. However, there have been only a limited number of studies that have focused on the importance of corneal diseases in diabetic patients. This review describes the pathophysiological roles of different factors that have been found to be causative factors of diabetic corneal keratopathy and endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetic patients. In addition, the clinical features of the corneal changes in diabetic patients and recent studies related to the development of therapies for the management of corneal diseases are presented.

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“…The lacrimal film is fundamental to optical quality, comfort and maintenance of the ocular surface, and can be altered by autoimmune diseases, scarring and degenerative processes, besides comorbidities such as diabetes, ocular allergy, menopause and senility processes, use of medication of either topic or systemic administration (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) . It is essential to have a harmonious integration among the lacrimal glands, the ocular surface (cornea, conjunctiva and meibomian glands), the eyelids and the sensory and motor nerves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lacrimal osmolaritu and ocular surface in experimental model of dry eye caused by toxicity

Marques¹,

Alves²,

Módulo³

et al. 2015

Revista Brasileira De Oftalmologia

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The authors declare no conflict of interest. Objetivo: Descrever um modelo animal de olho seco induzido pela aplicação tópica de cloreto de benzalcônio (BAC) e avaliar marcadores de ABSTRACT RESUMOPurpose: Describe an animal model of dry induced by topical instillation of BAK and evaluate ocular surface biomarkers and histological findings. Methods: Male Wistar rats were used. Topical instillation of 0.2% BAK eyedrops twice a day during 7 days, in the right eye of each animal, while the other eye was taken as control. After 7 days treatment, we performed evaluation of tear film osmolarity, the red phenol thread and ocular surface staining with fluorescein and lissamine green. Afterwards, the animals were sacrificed for tissue extraction and histological evaluation under optical microscopy and H&E staining. Results: Compared with untreated controls, the BAK-group presented tear secretion significantly decreased, increased ocular surface staining by fluorescein and lissamine green and tear film hyperosmolarity (p <0,05). Histological evaluation revealed epithelial thinning and estromal oedema. Conclusion: A toxicity animal model of dry eye induced by topical instillation of benzalkonium chloride, which presents corneal and ocular surface alterations, decreased tear film volume and tear hyperosmolarity as seen in dry eye condition.

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Tear film and ocular surface changes in diabetes mellitus

Cited by 77 publications

References 79 publications

Influence of insulin treatment on the lacrimal gland and ocular surface of diabetic rats

Influence of insulin treatment on the lacrimal gland and ocular surface of diabetic rats

Corneal Changes in Diabetes Mellitus

Lacrimal osmolaritu and ocular surface in experimental model of dry eye caused by toxicity

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