Testosterona sérica e doença cardiovascular em homens

Sá, Emmanuela Quental Callou de; Sá, Francisco Carleial Feijó de; Guedes, Alexis Dourado; Verreschi, Ieda Therezinha do Nascimento

doi:10.1590/s0004-27302009000800004

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Approximately 95% of endogenous testosterone is produced by the testes and it is secreted by the Leydig cells [ 20 ]. Small amounts of testosterone are also secreted by the zona reticularis of the adrenal glands [ 21 ]. The physiological levels of testosterone in men range from 10 to 30 nM with lower levels found in women (0.6–2.5 nM) [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic and non-genomic effects of androgens in the cardiovascular system: clinical implications

et al. 2017

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The principle steroidal androgens are testosterone and its metabolite 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is converted from testosterone by the enzyme 5α-reductase. Through the classic pathway with androgens crossing the plasma membrane and binding to the androgen receptor (AR) or via mechanisms independent of the ligand-dependent transactivation function of nuclear receptors, testosterone induces genomic and non-genomic effects respectively. AR is widely distributed in several tissues, including vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Androgens are essential for many developmental and physiological processes, especially in male reproductive tissues. It is now clear that androgens have multiple actions besides sex differentiation and sexual maturation and that many physiological systems are influenced by androgens, including regulation of cardiovascular function [nitric oxide (NO) release, Ca2+ mobilization, vascular apoptosis, hypertrophy, calcification, senescence and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation]. This review focuses on evidence indicating that interplay between genomic and non-genomic actions of testosterone may influence cardiovascular function.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic and non-genomic effects of androgens in the cardiovascular system: clinical implications

et al. 2017

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“…The high levels of CVD in men could be related to the high levels of testosterone due to its pro-atherogenic and / or the absence of the protective effect of estrogens. Thus, it has been suggested that high levels of testosterone found in men would be deleterious to the cardiovascular system [ 21 ]. However, to date, the role of androgens in the heart remains controversial [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testosterone deficiency reduces the effects of late cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction in rats

et al. 2019

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Testosterone is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease. This study evaluated cardiac remodeling 60 days after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats with testosterone deficiency. One week after castration, the animals underwent myocardial infarction. Rats were divided into four groups: orchidectomized (OCT); orchidectomized and infarcted (OCT+MI), MI and control (Sham). The myocyte cross-sectional area and the papillary muscle contractility were evaluated 8 weeks after MI. The coronary bed was perfused with Biodur E20 resin to evaluate the neovascularization after MI. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM followed by ANOVA. Castration reduced myocyte hypertrophy when compared to Sham and myocardial infarction alone as well as preserved the contraction force and activation time after myocardial infarction. After beta-adrenergic stimulation, activation and relaxation kinetics were less impaired in the OCT+MI group than in the MI group. Contraction force was preserved in the OCT+MI group after beta-adrenergic stimulation. Multiple scanning electronic microscope images were obtained to characterize changes in the coronary arteries. Capillary density index was increased in the MI and OCT+MI groups compared with control. The MI and OCT+MI groups were characterized by irregular vessel arrangements with distorted shape, abrupt changes in vessel direction, as well as abrupt changes in diameter after bifurcations when compared to Sham and OCT. The results indicated that testosterone deficiency attenuates adverse cardiac remodeling after MI. Novel findings in this study were that testosterone deficiency in rats, induced by castration, changes the later remodeling after MI, when compared with non castrated rats. The absence of this androgenous hormone seems to be benefic against pathological hypertrophy.

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“…Small amounts of testosterone are also secreted by the zona reticularis of the adrenal glands (Sa et al, 2009). In men, normal levels of testosterone range from 10 to 30 nM, while much lower levels are found in women (0.6–2.5 nM; Burger, 2002).…”

Section: Brief Biochemistry Of Testosterone Synthesis and Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testosterone and Vascular Function in Aging

Lopes¹,

Neves²,

Carneiro³

et al. 2012

Front. Physio.

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Androgen receptors are widely distributed in several tissues, including vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Through classic cytosolic androgen receptors or membrane receptors, testosterone induces genomic and non-genomic effects, respectively. Testosterone interferes with the vascular function by increasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and arterial thickness. Experimental evidence indicates that sex steroid hormones, such as testosterone modulate the synthesis and bioavailability of NO and, consequently, endothelial function, which is key for a healthy vasculature. Of interest, aging itself is accompanied by endothelial and vascular smooth muscle dysfunction. Aging-associated decline of testosterone levels is accompanied by age-related diseases, such as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, indicating that very low levels of androgens may contribute to cardiovascular dysfunction observed in these age-related disorders or, in other words, that testosterone may have beneficial effects in the cardiovascular system. However, testosterone seems to play a negative role in the severity of renal disease. In this mini-review, we briefly comment on the interplay between aging and testosterone levels, the vascular actions of testosterone and its implications for vascular aging. Renal effects of testosterone and the use of testosterone to prevent vascular dysfunction in elderly are also addressed.

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Testosterona sérica e doença cardiovascular em homens

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

Genomic and non-genomic effects of androgens in the cardiovascular system: clinical implications

Genomic and non-genomic effects of androgens in the cardiovascular system: clinical implications

Testosterone deficiency reduces the effects of late cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction in rats

Testosterone and Vascular Function in Aging

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