Assessment of the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and antigenotoxic activities of Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) in mice

Abstract

Ethnobotanical surveys of Cerrado native plants show that leaves of Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent (Cannabaceae), popularly known in Brazil as "esporão de galo", are used in folk medicine for body pain, asthma, cramps, poor digestion, urinary infection, kidney dysfunctions, as well as a stimulant and diuretic. This work aimed at evaluating possible C. iguanaea aqueous leaf extract (CALE) cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and antigenotoxicity using the mouse bone marrow micronucleous test. To assess CALE genotoxicity, Swiss mice were orally treated with three different extract concentrations (100, 300, and 500 mgkg -1 ). To evaluate its antigenotoxicity, the same doses were used simultaneously with a single i.p. dose of mitomycin C (MMC, 4mg.kg -1 ). The frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) were evaluated 24 h and 48 h after administration except for the negative control (24 h). Genotoxicity was evaluated using the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE), whereas cytotoxicity was assessed by the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio (PCE/NCE). The results showed that CALE did not exhibit a significant reduction in the PCE/NCE ratio, neither a considerable increase in the frequency of MNPCE. Nonetheless, CALE reduced bone marrow toxicity (increased PCE/NCE ratio) and decreased the micronuclei frequency induced by MMC. We can conclude that CALE presented no cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, but showed antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic actions under the experimental conditions applied in this study.

Mitigating effect of Indian propolis against mitomycin C induced bone marrow toxicity

“…This is the first study of its kind reporting the ameliorating effect of propolis extract on mitotic depression in bone marrow by determination of P/N ratio. However, there are many reports on the protective effect of plant extracts enriched with antioxidants, against MMC-induced cytotoxicity in terms of recovery of P/N ratio (Prasad et al 2002;Borges et al 2013). The cytoprotective effect observed in the present study, to some extent, is in line with a previous report where ethanolic extract of propolis was shown to prevent necrosis of the gastric mucosa in rats (Liu et al 2002).…”

“…A significant reduction in P/N ratio compared with the control (P \ 0.001) was observed in MMC treated mice. It confirms the mitotic-depressive/cytotoxic effect of MMC, and this observation is in parallel with the previous reports (Liu et al 2002;Borges et al 2013). Since the most common complication in MMC treated patients is bone marrow depression (Molyneux et al 2005), one of the objectives of the current study was to evaluate the possible protective effect of HEIP against MMC-induced cytotoxicity.…”

Antigenotoxicity protection of Carapa guianensis oil against mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide in mouse bone marrow

“…Actually, a growing number of studies have identified different plants extracts with antigenotoxic potential, such as: Mentha longifolia (Al-Ali et al 2014), Dioscorea pentaphylla (Prakash et al 2014), Lilium candidum (Jovtchev et al 2014), Eucalyptus Gunnii (Bugarin et al 2014), Camellia sinensis (Bhattacharya et al 2014), Curcuma longa (Liju et al 2014), Celtis iguanaea (Borges et al 2013), Solanum paniculatum (Vieira et al 2013), Synadenium umbellatum (Melo-Reis et al 2011), Ginkgo biloba (Vilar et al 2009), and others. Thus, there has been growing interest in finding and using natural plant products to reduce genotoxic and/or carcinogenic effects.…”

Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of <em>Celtis iguanaea </em>on Markers of Cardiovascular Diseases and Glucose Metabolism in Cholesterol-Fed Rats

“…The aqueous extract administered to mice demonstrated no cytotoxic or genotoxic effects [22], and in a toxicity test in Artemia salina, the ethanolic extract of C. iguanaea bark and its fractions showed an LC50 higher than 1000 μg/mL, indicating the absence of a toxic effect [23].…”