Contribution of occupational therapy to the organization of the routine of women submitted to surgical treatment for breast cancer: a focus on Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)

Abstract

Introduction Modified radical mastectomy and quadrantectomy are the main surgical treatments for breast cancer; however, they can cause physical, mental, social and occupational disorders to the patient and her support network. Objective To analyze the effect of preoperative occupational therapeutic guidance on the support network of women undergoing breast cancer surgery aiming to organize their postoperative routine with a focus on Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). Method This is a qualitative, descriptive-exploratory, longitudinal study conducted with 14 women diagnosed with breast cancer and referred to elective surgery, consisting of personalized guidance to their support network. Data were collected at two moments: pre- and post-operatively (30 days after surgery) through recorded semi-structured interviews via videoconference, and explored by content analysis. Results The main guidance provided to family members consisted of strategies for adaptation, grading, and delegating of the activities most significant to the participants. The findings were divided into the following categories: Family as a support network and the recovery process; Care challenges; Resuming IADL performance; Assurance of physical and emotional integrity; The occupational therapist as a support network. The participants highlighted the relevance of the study and their desire for broad Occupational Therapy assistance coverage. Conclusion The findings suggest the efficacy of interventions aimed at the routine organization of women who have undergone mastectomy based on the instrumentalization of their support network for collaborative care.