Risk factors associated with hypovitaminosis D in HIV/aids-infected adults

Abstract

Objective: To investigate risk factors associated with hypovitaminosis D in adult patients infected with HIV/aids, at a referral hospital in Maceió, Brazil. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study involved 125 patients evaluated from April to September 2013 by means of interviews, review of medical records, physical examination, and laboratory tests. The data were analyzed using the SPSS ® software, version 17.0; the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and mean levels of vitamin D were determined. The association between hypovitaminosis D and the independent variables was assessed using the Chi-square or the Fisher's exact tests; mean vitamin D concentrations were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The level of significance was set at 5% across tests. Results: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 24%, with a significant association with higher household income (p < 0.05). Higher vitamin D levels were associated with female gender (p < 0.001), no use of sunscreen (p < 0.05), and previous opportunistic infections (p < 0.01). Lower values were associated with the use of antiretroviral medication (p < 0.05), overweight and obesity (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Lower vitamin D concentrations were significantly associated with well-known risk factors for hypovitaminosis D: use of sunscreen, antiretroviral medication, overweight, and obesity. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in this study, considering values > 20 ng/mL or > 30 ng/mL as vitamin D sufficiency, was lower to that of previous studies with HIV-infected patients, a fact that might be related to the low latitude and high intensity of solar radiation of the location of the present study. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(1):34-41

Bone health and HIV in resource-limited settings

“…According to a recent review by Mansueto et al [ 96 ] the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among HIV-infected individuals in both RLS and RRS varies widely across studies ranging from 25 to 93%, with an overall prevalence of 70.3 to 83.7%. Similarly, our review yielded high but similar prevalence of low vitamin D among HIV individuals regardless of ART use in both RLS [ 50 , 53 , 97 – 102 ] and RRS [ 61 , 103 – 109 ] with insufficient levels of up to 90% in Turkey [ 50 ] and the USA [ 103 ], Belgium [ 108 ], Spain [ 109 ] (Table 2 and Fig. 2 ).…”

Associação entre Hipovitaminose D e Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida

“…Apesar das publicações apresentarem grupos distintos, foi perceptível que a deficiência de vitamina D e a AIDS estiveram intimamente correlacionadas. O estudo de Canuto, et al, (2015), por exemplo, observou que a prevalência de deficiência de vitamina D em pacientes infectados pelo HIV alcançou taxas que variaram de 10 a 73% e estiveram significativamente associados com tradicionais fatores de risco para hipovitaminose D, como idade mais avançada, sexo feminino, baixa exposição ao sol, pele escura, doenças genéticas do receptor de vitamina D, maior índice de massa corporal, distúrbios de absorção gastrointestinal e no fígado, ou doença renal (Hollick, et al, 2009;Oydele, et al, 2012).…”

Osteopenia/Osteoporosis and Vitamine D Levels in Our Group of Male HIV Positive Patients

“…Çoğunluğu ART almakta olan HIV pozitif popülasyonda D vitamini eksikliği İspanya'dan %44.2, Tayland'dan %29.9, Avustralya'dan %39, Brezilya'dan %1.6 olarak bildirilmiştir [22][23][24][25] . ART almamış bireylerde Londra'da %58.5 olarak saptanmıştır [26] .…”

“…Dünya genelinde HIV pozitif bireylerde D vitamini düzeylerinin bildirildiği çalışmalardan bazıları Tablo 3'te sunulmuştur. D vitamini eksikliği oranları bu çalışmalarda %1.6 ile %89 arasında değişmektedir [12,23,25,29,30] . Brezilya'da ekvatora yakın Maceio kentinden bildirilen bu çok düşük oran çalışma grubundaki bireylerin güneş koruyucu kullanmamaları ve güneş ışınlarına maruziyet sürelerinin uzun olmasıyla açıklanmıştır.…”