PAHs diagnostic ratios for the distinction of petrogenic and pirogenic sources: applicability in the Upper Iguassu Watershed - Parana, Brazil

Santos, Mauricius Marques dos; Brehm, Franciane de Almeida; Filippe, Taís Cristina; Reichert, Gabriela; Azevedo, Júlio César Rodrigues de

doi:10.1590/2318-0331.011716084

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, the ratio between PAHs was used to identify possible PAHs sources in the samples. The ratio between LMW/HMW < 1 (low molecular weight PAHs/high molecular weight PAHs) implies PAHs of a pyrolytic origin (Tavakoly Sany et al 2014 ; dos Santos et al 2017 ). Pyrolytic sources comprise an incomplete combustion of organic compounds, such as fossil fuels, whereas the petrogenic PAHs are formed by petroleum products.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Chemical Indicators and Bioassays in Bottom Sediment Ecological Risk Assessment

Tarnawski

Baran

2018

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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This study is was designed to assess the ecological risk associated with chemical pollution caused by heavy metals and PAHs on the basis of their ecotoxicological properties in sediments collected from the Rzeszów dam reservoir (Poland). The sediment samples were collected from three sampling stations: S1—inlet, backwater station, S2—middle of reservoir, S3 outlet, near the dam. The sediments’ toxicity was evaluated using a battery of bioassays (Phytotoxkit, Phytotestkit, Ostracodtoxkit F, and Microtox). The highest content of metals (120.5 mg Zn; 22.65 mg Pb; 8.20 mg Cd ∙ kg−1 dw) and all PAHs (∑9361 μg ∙ kg−1 dw) in sediments was found at station S1. The lowest content of metals (86.72 mg Zn; 18.07 mg Cu; 17.20 mg Pb; 3.62 mg Cu; 28.78 mg Ni; 30.52 mg Cr ∙ kg−1 dw) and PAHs (∑4390 μg ∙ kg−1 dw) was found in the sediment from station S2. The ecological risk assessment of the six metals and eight PAHs revealed a high potential toxicity in sediments from stations S1 (PECq = 0.69) and S3 (PECq = 0.56) and a low potential toxicity in sediments from station S2 (PECq = 0.38). The studies also showed the actual toxicity of sediments for the test organisms. The sediment pore water was least toxic compared to the whole sediment: solid phases > whole sediment > pore water. The most sensitive organism for metals and PAHs in bottom sediments was Lepidium sativum, and in pore water—Sorghum saccharatum. The concentration of metals and PAHs in bottom sediments generally did not affect the toxicity for other organisms. Clay content and organic C content are likely to be important factors, which control heavy metal and PAH concentrations in the sediments. Data analysis by PCA found the same origin of metals as well as PAHs—mainly anthropogenic sources. The obtained information demonstrated the need to integrate ecotoxicological and chemical methods for an appropriate ecological risk assessment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Chemical Indicators and Bioassays in Bottom Sediment Ecological Risk Assessment

Tarnawski

Baran

2018

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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“…Such an approach assumes that various PAHs are transformed and degraded at the same rate during their lifetimes in the environment, such that source-characteristic concentration ratios are preserved (Biache et al 2014;Clement et al 2015). However, Santos et al (2017) noted that various ratios might show variable sensitivity and each could be differently affected by PAH transformations in the environment (photooxidation, photolysis). A number of authors have warned that the ratios should be used with caution because of complexity of emission sources and possible transformations in the environment (Yunker et al 2002;Daskalou et al 2009;Tobiszewski and Namiesnik 2012).…”

Section: Identification Of Pah Contamination Sources Based On Diagnosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Background levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and legacy organochlorine pesticides in wheat sampled in 2017 and 2018 in Poland

Roszko

Juszczyk

Szczepańska

et al. 2020

Environ Monit Assess

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Both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and legacy organochlorine insecticides (OCPs), including DDT, are dangerous chemical contaminants. The aims of this study were to (i) determine background levels of PAHs and legacy OCPs for wheat samples collected in 2017 and 2018 in Poland, (ii) identify differences between levels in wheat harvested in various regions of Poland, (iii) evaluate differences in contamination sources manifested by the profiles of the identified chemicals, (iv) identify possible correlations between different classes of chemicals present in wheat, and (v) assess the health risks associated with the presence of PAHs and OCPs in Polish wheat. Average concentrations found in the samples were 0.09 ± 0.03 μg kg −1 for benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (formerly used as a single PAH marker), 0.43 ± 0.16 for the more recently introduced collective PAH 4 marker (benzo[a]anthracene + benzo[a]pyrene + chrysene + benzo[b]fluoranthene), and 1.07 ± 0.68 μg kg −1 for DDT and its metabolites. The PAH profiles indicated contamination from combustion-related emission sources (liquid fossil fuels, coal, biomass). Health risks associated with the presence of PAHs and OCPs in cereals were assessed using the margin of exposure (MOE) approach. The MOE values calculated based on the highest concentrations found in this study exceeded 50,000 for both BaP and PAH 4. The calculated worst-case scenario value for DDT and metabolites was as low as 0.3% of the respective tolerable daily intake (TDI) value. Assessment of dietary risk has shown that the presence of the two contaminant classes in Polish wheat grains is of low concern.

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“…On the contrary, both PAHs and C > 12 may derive from both natural and anthropogenic source, originating from petrogenic, pyrogenic or natural processes [47][48][49][50]. For these organics, a background cannot be defined.…”

Section: Contamination Of Reservoir Sediments and Toxicity Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change Impacts on Sediment Quality of Subalpine Reservoirs: Implications on Management

Marziali

Tartari

Salerno

et al. 2017

Water

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Abstract:Reservoirs are characterized by accumulation of sediments where micropollutants may concentrate, with potential toxic effects on downstream river ecosystems. However, sediment management such as flushing is needed to maintain storage capacity. Climate change is expected to increase sediment loads, but potential effects on their quality are scarcely known. In this context, sediment contamination by trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and organics (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHs, Polychlorinated Biphenyls PCBs and C > 12 hydrocarbons) was analyzed in 20 reservoirs located in Italian Central Alps. A strong As and a moderate Cd, Hg and Pb enrichment was emphasized by I geo , with potential ecotoxicological risk according to Probable Effect Concentration quotients. Sedimentation rate, granulometry, total organic carbon (TOC) and altitude resulted as the main drivers governing pollutant concentrations in sediments. According to climate change models, expected increase of rainfall erosivity will enhance soil erosion and consequently the sediment flow to reservoirs, potentially increasing coarse grain fractions and thus potentially diluting pollutants. Conversely, increased weathering may enhance metal fluxes to reservoirs. Increased vegetation cover will potentially result in higher TOC concentrations, which may contrast contaminant bioavailability and thus toxicity. Our results may provide elements for a proper management of contaminated sediments in a climate change scenario aiming at preserving water quality and ecosystem functioning.

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PAHs diagnostic ratios for the distinction of petrogenic and pirogenic sources: applicability in the Upper Iguassu Watershed - Parana, Brazil

Cited by 23 publications

References 63 publications

Use of Chemical Indicators and Bioassays in Bottom Sediment Ecological Risk Assessment

Use of Chemical Indicators and Bioassays in Bottom Sediment Ecological Risk Assessment

Background levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and legacy organochlorine pesticides in wheat sampled in 2017 and 2018 in Poland

Climate Change Impacts on Sediment Quality of Subalpine Reservoirs: Implications on Management

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