“Trocas nos sinais”: caracterização de processos fonológicos ocorridos durante a aquisição de Libras por pré-escolares surdos

Abstract

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever as características dos processos fonológicos encontrados na língua de sinais de pré-escolares surdos. Métodos Participaram da pesquisa 15 crianças surdas, com idade entre 3 e 7 anos. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de filmagem da aplicação do Instrumento de avaliação fonológica da língua de sinais brasileira: FONOLIBRAS, que propõe nomear, em Libras (Língua Brasileira de Sinais), 50 figuras. Foi realizada transcrição em SignWriting e os sinais de Libras com processos fonológicos foram classificados quanto ao tipo, parâmetro e mão(s) envolvida(s). Por fim, os dados receberam tratamento estatístico. Resultados Todas as crianças surdas apresentaram produção de sinais com variações linguísticas, em relação ao padrão adulto, ou seja, processos fonológicos, confirmando que é um fenômeno natural do desenvolvimento infantil também nas línguas de sinais. O tipo mais frequente foi assimilação, também estando presentes substituição, epêntese, elisão e metátese. O parâmetro configuração de mão foi o mais afetado e a ocorrência maior, na mão passiva. Conclusão De que modo os processos fonológicos fazem parte da aquisição das línguas de sinais, podendo ser naturalmente suprimidos, ou não, é um assunto que merece a atenção dos profissionais que atuam na área da surdez, de modo a aperfeiçoar o desenvolvimento da comunicação dos usuários destas línguas.

The cherology awareness in Portuguese sign language

“…In a pioneering study on the acquisition of LGP, between 10 months and 2 years, with a profoundly deaf child, daughter of deaf parents, we found certain errors in the appropriation of cherology category (Carmo, 2010): awareness of the minimum unit of the hand configuration with a percentage of 43.02%; location (9.88%), movement (6.40%), direction (2.91%) and place of articulation of the hand (1.74%). These results are in line with other studies, with deaf children between 2 and 12 years old, daughters of deaf parents, in which the hand configuration parameter shows the highest rate of alterations (Guimarães & Campello, 2018;Karnopp, 1997Karnopp, , 1999, and with deaf children between 3 and 7 years old, in which the hand configuration parameter was the most affected, followed by location, movement, and direction, with some gestures revealing more than one alteration in the phonological process (Guimarães & Campello, 2018).…”

“…Also, the number of deaf adults whose initial experience was based on oral education, and therefore learned/acquired their natural language as adolescents, is significant (Corina et al, 2014). The authors examined the sensitivity to the structural parameters of gestures (minimal units) during sign language learning, showing that those who acquire sign languages late show lower efficiency, regarding the decoding of cherology forms, corroborating Guimarães and Campello (2018).…”

“…for "rávore"; and context-sensitive processes -in which there is reference to the substitutions of features or segments by others from the closest phonological context, such as "chupeta" for "chucha". In the cherology component, Liddell and Johnson (1989), pioneers in this study, classified the most frequent errors (Table 2) into: epenthesis, omission, metathesis, gemination, assimilation, reduction and perseveration, and anticipation (Guimarães & Campello, 2018). Change of the dominant hand in the execution of the goal gesture from "Open hand fingers together" to "indicate", due to the influence of the non-dominant hand.…”

“…According to the Natural Phonology Theory, phonological processes are innate, natural and universal (Lima & Queiroga, 2007), and can also be identified in visual-spatial modality languages, manifesting themselves by the alteration of one or more constituents of the gesture, so it can be said that a gesture comprises cherology processes (Guimarães & Campello, 2018).…”

“…The cherology assessment of Cruz (2008) argues that it is necessary to promote good gesture formation in the execution of gestures, so its items are pooled taking into account the evolution of acquisition: (a) gestures produced with one hand, with one or two hand configurations; (b) gestures produced with both hands, with the same configuration, occurring, mostly, the condition of symmetry; and (c) gestures produced with both hands, being the configurations different, that is, one hand is dominant, and the other serves only as a point of articulation (non-dominant). In oral language, errors in phonological processes may be (Guimarães & Campello, 2018): substitution processes -in which there is a change/contrast in sublexical units, such as "sapo" for "tapo"; structural modifier processes -referring to the combination of phonemes in the formation of morphological and lexical units, such as "árvore"…”