Chlorine gas exposure and evolutive patterns of reactive airways dysfunction syndrome: a systematic review

Abstract

Introduction: chlorine is the most irritant gas to which people are commonly exposed to daily. One of its toxic effects is reactive airway dysfunction syndrome (RADS). Objective: this study aims to summarize the evidence from the evolutive patterns of RADS. Methods: this systematic review study was conducted using the databases of the University of São Paulo repository, BVS/LILACS, PubMed/Medline, and SciELO. Studies from September 1985 to July 2021 with “chlorine” and “occupational asthma” as descriptors, associated with “reactive airway dysfunction syndrome” or “irritant-induced asthma,” were included. These articles were assessed by two independent reviewers. The study’s quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs checklist. Results: a total of 22 studies were retrieved, including 11 case series, 8 case reports, and 3 cross-sectional studies. The selected studies covered 1.335 participants from 11 countries, and only 170 had a diagnosis of RADS with documented evolution. Of these, 115 (65%) were due to occupational exposure. The most frequent RADS evolutive pattern was the long-term persistence of symptoms, spirometric alterations, and/or bronchial hyperresponsiveness, mainly in the occupational setting. A lack of standardization of adequate information reporting was found. Conclusions: chronicity was the most frequent RADS evolutive pattern.