Reliability, validity, and factorial structure of the World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index (WHO-5) in Iranian psychiatric outpatients

Dadfar, Mahboubeh; Safarabad, Nahid Momeni; Farid, Ali Asghar Asgharnejad; Shirzy, Monir Nemati; Abarghouie, Farzad Ghazie Pour

doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0044

Cited by 52 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In this population, the correlation between WHO-5 and PHQ-9 scores is at the lower end of the range (− 0.39 to − 0.73). Such values have also been found in other studies, [12,13,15,47]. WHO-5 scores were negatively correlated with K10 scores.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…A systematic review of its use found that it has been translated into more than 30 languages and has been used in research studies globally [1,3]. The validity of the WHO-5 has been tested in different countries and settings, but predominantly in high income settings in the west and Japan [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] as a robust outcome measure of well-being [4,6,8,9,15,16]. However, there are only a very few validations in Low-and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC), and specifically in Asia [15,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing mental well-being in a Sinhala speaking Sri Lankan population: validation of the WHO-5 well-being index

Perera

Jayasuriya

Caldera

et al. 2020

Health Qual Life Outcomes

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Purpose The WHO-5 well-being index is a widely used, short rating scale that measures subjective well-being. We translated the WHO-5 index into Sinhala and tested its psychometric properties including measurement invariance among diverse groups in a community sample in Sri Lanka. Methods The sample of 267 persons aged between 16 and 75 years was recruited from a semi-urban area. 219 completed a paper-based questionnaire and 48 responded to an online survey. Construct validity was tested for factorial validity (Confirmatory Factor Analysis -CFA), convergent validity and known group validity. Composite reliability for congeneric measures and test-retest reliability were also tested. Multi-group CFA (MG-CFA) was used to test measurement invariance. Results The translated Sinhala version demonstrated good content and face validity. Internal consistency reliability of the five items had a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.85 and test-retest reliability over 2 weeks was satisfactory (Pearson r = 0.72, p < 0.001, ICC = 0.82). Confirmatory factor analysis supported factorial validity with a $$ {\chi}_5^2 $$ χ 5 2 =4.99 (p = 0.28), a RMSEA of 0.03 (90% C.I. =0.00–0.10), a SRMR of 0.02, a TLI of 0.99 and a CFI of 0.99; factor loadings were between 0.55 and 0.89. Measurement invariance was acceptable for configural, metric and scalar invariance for gender. WHO-5 scores were significantly negatively correlated with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (Pearson’s r = − 0.45, p < 0.001) scores and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) scores (Pearson’s r = − 0.56, p < 0.001). Conclusion The Sinhala translation of WHO-5 well-being index has shown acceptable psychometric properties and can be used for assessing mental well-being in the community in Sri Lanka. Further testing of the measure with larger and diverse (including different ethnic/cultural) groups are indicated to test measurement invariance of the measure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing mental well-being in a Sinhala speaking Sri Lankan population: validation of the WHO-5 well-being index

Perera

Jayasuriya

Caldera

et al. 2020

Health Qual Life Outcomes

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“…Although the total sample of this project is large, this report is based on data collected only in Poland (N = 216). Nevertheless it is larger than the majority of previous similar studies [28,29,35,56] and makes a significant contribution to the field. The other caveat is that the large majority of the participants was living in an urban rather than rural location.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Validation of the Polish version of WHO-5 as a screening instrument for depression in adults with diabetes

Cichoń

Kiejna

Kokoszka

et al. 2020

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

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The aim of this study was to validate and report the factorial analysis of the World Health Organization's 5-item Well-being Index (WHO-5) among outpatients with type 2 diabetes. We investigated the psychometric properties of the WHO-5 and its suitability for identifying potential depressive symptoms in Polish adults with diabetes. Methods: Participants were randomly chosen among Polish diabetes outpatients and invited to participate in the cross-sectional study (N = 216). Participants completed the Polish version of the WHO-5, Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire. Results: Factor analyses identified the one-factor structure of the Polish version of the WHO-5. The internal consistency of the Polish version of the WHO-5 is satisfying. With regard to convergent validity, there were significant negative associations between the WHO-5 and PAID, the PHQ-9, HbA1c and the amount of medical complications. The AUC indicates that the WHO-5 is an effective measure for identifying depressive symptoms. The optimal cut off values of 12 yielded the best sensitivity/specificity trade-off for identifying depression among people with diabetes. Conclusions: The Polish version of the WHO-5 is a reliable, valid outcome measure for outpatients with type 2 diabetes and can be a useful instrument for screening for depression in people with diabetes.

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“…In addition, negative correlations were reported with scores on the Wish to be Dadfar, Abdel-Khalek, et al (2017) reported a non-significant negative correlation between scores on the LLS and on the Arabic Scale of Death Anxiety (ASDA) in Muslim Iranian college students. Dadfar, Momeni Safarabad, et al (2018)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The WHO‐5 has a Persian version (Dadfar, Momeni Safarabad, Asgharnejad Farid, Nemati Shirzy, & Ghazie pour Abarghouie, 2018). The WHO‐5 is a five‐item instrument used to screen for depression and is useful in a clinical context.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Love of life and its association with well‐being in Iranian psychiatric outpatients

2020

Self Cite

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More generally, Abdel-Khalek (2007, 2013a) has argued that love of life is a sub-component of the construct of subjective well-being and it is relevant to the disciplines of positive psychology and health psychology. Love of life is defined as a positive evaluation of one's own life and involves holding on strongly to life, grasping at life, having a pleasurable attachment to life and having an appreciation for life. However, the love of life concept is not related to the Freudian concept of Eros or the life instinct (see Campbell, 1996). Research has shown that love of life is positively associated with extraversion and negatively associated with psychoticism and neuroticism (Abdel-Khalek, 2013a). Love of life is associated with having

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Reliability, validity, and factorial structure of the World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index (WHO-5) in Iranian psychiatric outpatients

Abstract: The WHO-5 has a single dimensional structure and acceptable psychometric parameters. The results of this study suggest that WHO-5 can be used in a clinical context in Iran.

Cited by 52 publications

References 36 publications

Assessing mental well-being in a Sinhala speaking Sri Lankan population: validation of the WHO-5 well-being index

Assessing mental well-being in a Sinhala speaking Sri Lankan population: validation of the WHO-5 well-being index

Validation of the Polish version of WHO-5 as a screening instrument for depression in adults with diabetes

Love of life and its association with well‐being in Iranian psychiatric outpatients

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