Impact of Wood Moisture in Charcoal Production and Quality

Canal, Wagner Davel; Carvalho, Ana Márcia Macêdo Ladeira; Figueiró, Clarissa Gusmão; Carneiro, Angélica de Cássia Oliveira; Fialho, Lucas de Freitas; Donato, Danilo Barros

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.099917

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A high moisture content increases the energy demand for pyrolysis, resulting in a decreased energy conversion efficiency [70]. In addition, the amount of bio-oil would be increased by a larger water fraction, but with a decreased amount of organic compounds and heating value [71,72].…”

Section: Pre-treatment Of Raw Feedstock and Charcoalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charcoal as an Alternative Reductant in Ferroalloy Production: A Review

2020

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This paper provides a fundamental and critical review of biomass application as renewable reductant in integrated ferroalloy reduction process. The basis for the review is based on the current process and product quality requirement that bio-based reductants must fulfill. The characteristics of different feedstocks and suitable pre-treatment and post-treatment technologies for their upgrading are evaluated. The existing literature concerning biomass application in ferroalloy industries is reviewed to fill out the research gaps related to charcoal properties provided by current production technologies and the integration of renewable reductants in the existing industrial infrastructure. This review also provides insights and recommendations to the unresolved challenges related to the charcoal process economics. Several possibilities to integrate the production of bio-based reductants with bio-refineries to lower the cost and increase the total efficiency are given. A comparison of challenges related to energy efficient charcoal production and formation of emissions in classical kiln technologies are discussed to underline the potential of bio-based reductant usage in ferroalloy reduction process.

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Section: Pre-treatment Of Raw Feedstock and Charcoalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charcoal as an Alternative Reductant in Ferroalloy Production: A Review

2020

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“…One of the sustainable development goals (SDG 7 affordable and clean energy) is the production of clean energy, and the reducing energy production from fossil sources by 2030 [2]. In order to achieve the above, biomass is a crucial alternative because it is a renewable resource that can be developed in a sustainable way, has favorable environmental properties, does not generate net carbon dioxide emissions, has a low sulfur content, and provides a significant economic contribution to producers [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Four Types of Kilns Used to Produce Charcoal from Several Tree Species in Mexico

García-Quezada¹,

Musule

Prieto-Ruíz

et al. 2022

Energies

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Charcoal production is an activity that dates back over the years. The objective of the study was to determine the temperature and heating ramp in industrial carbonization processes using different kiln types and to quantify its impact on yield and quality of charcoal from different firewood species. The selection of sites, kiln types, and species investigated was based on those with highest production in Mexico. Brazilian beehive kilns using Arbutus xalapensis, Quercus durifolia, and Quercus sideroxyla species were analyzed; modified Brazilian beehive kilns with Pithecellobium dulce and Tamarindus indica; Argentine half-orange kilns with Quercus magnoliifolia and Q. sideroxyla, industrial metal kilns with Brosimum alicastrum, Vitex gaumeri, Manilkara zapota, and Pouteria unilocularis. The process time, temperature, heating ramp, production yield, and quality of charcoal produced were determined. Data were analyzed in a completely random statistical design. The industrial type kilns showed the highest production yield (>35%), and the Brazilian beehive kilns obtained the longest carbonization time (>240 h). On the other hand, the modified Brazilian beehive kilns obtained the best energetic characteristics (>75% fixed carbon and <16% volatile material). A carbonization process with a slow heating ramp (<1 °C min−1) and temperatures of 500–600 °C can generate a charcoal with export quality.

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“…"Drying eucalyptus logs," BioResources 18(1), 1177-1184. 1181 calorific value, carbonization yield, and charcoal quality (Zanuncio et al 2013;Canal et al 2020) without losses in dry matter through biodeterioration (Civitarese et al 2015).…”

Section: Bioresourcescommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drying in environmental conditions is the most used method to remove this large volume of water, and artificial methods are economically unfeasible in this process (Resende et al 2018). Wood drying for energy generation reduces transport costs (Zanuncio et al 2017;Kozakiewicz et al 2021) and increases the gravimetric yield of carbonization and the charcoal quality (Gebreegziabher et al 2013;Zanuncio et al 2013;Canal et al 2020). Deficiencies in the drying of logs increase the period of this operation, which inhibits the use of wood to produce energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drying of eucalyptus logs from plantations with different spacing between trees

Silva

Zanuncio

Carvalho

et al. 2022

BioRes

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The adoption of dense plantations can reduce the drying time of the logs, by optimizing this step. This study evaluated the drying of eucalyptus wood from plantations with different spacing (3 × 4; 3 × 3; 2 × 3; 1 × 3 m). Five trees were selected per treatment. Logs were removed from the base and at 50% and 100% of commercial height for drying evaluation for 60 days. The diameters of the eucalyptus trees from plantations with wider spacing were bigger, and the productivity per hectare was not affected by the spacing between trees. The planting spacing did not affect the initial moisture, which was higher for those removed from the top of the trees. The logs from the base from the denser spacing showed a drying rate 2.5 times higher than the same logs from the treatment with greater spacing, reducing the final moisture from 37.2 to 18.8%. The logs removed from the top of the trees reached the equilibrium moisture after the drying period. The reduction in the planting spacing reduced the wood moisture and the difference in this parameter between the logs removed from the base and top of the eucalyptus trunks.

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Impact of Wood Moisture in Charcoal Production and Quality

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Charcoal as an Alternative Reductant in Ferroalloy Production: A Review

Charcoal as an Alternative Reductant in Ferroalloy Production: A Review

Evaluation of Four Types of Kilns Used to Produce Charcoal from Several Tree Species in Mexico

Drying of eucalyptus logs from plantations with different spacing between trees

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