Decline in Giant Tree Numbers: Status Report for Santa Catarina State and Perspectives for Brazil

Scipioni, Marcelo Callegari; Salomão, Rafael de Paiva; Vibrans, Alexander Christian; Uller, Heitor Felippe

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.003919

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Liriodendron, with vessels 50-100 mm, is a pioneer species persisting as an emergent element in mesic forests; P. strobus, with even narrower conductive elements (tracheids), is likewise a long-lived early successional tree. In tropical South America, lowland tropical forests have a canopy height of ~35-40 m, with emergents up to ~65 m. Information about the tallest Neotropical trees is incomplete, but of nine taxa known to reach heights of 50-60 m (Gorgens et al 2019;Scipioni et al 2019), four have a vessel diameter averaging or ranging up to 1200 mm (C. pentandra, Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers., Anacardium occidentale L., Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl).…”

Section: Vessel Diametermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Typology of Vessel Patterning in Trees with Examples from the Fossil Record

Woodcock

2022

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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Premise of research. The diversity of anatomical features in wood presents a challenge for understanding wood functioning and developing fossil wood as a paleoenvironmental proxy. This study focuses on the variation in vessel-related features in trees to identify environmental correlates and address questions relating to function and adaptation.Methodology. The features considered include vessel diameter and density; the occurrence, degree, and type of vessel grouping; the variable vessel diameter seen in some woods; and vessel arrangements of various types. Starting from the question of the basic or most typical type of vessel patterning in the midlatitudes versus the tropics, the analysis employs midlatitude/tropical comparisons, information in online databases, examples of modern and fossil woods, and novel ways of representing vessel patterning as a basis for interpretation.Pivotal results. A typology is presented that illustrates the range of variation in vessel patterning in trees and shows both temperature-related disjunctions between the tropics and the midlatitudes and the influence of moisture availability. The diffuse-porous woods of the tropics have a wide range of vessel diameters and densities, whereas in the midlatitudes, diffuse-porous woods have vessels only in the narrow-diameter, high-density categories and ring-/semi-ring-porous woods are also present. The posited relationship between vessel diameter and height is not so clear for the floras considered, especially for tall forest trees. Woods with variable vessel diameters are quite diverse; the complex patterns in some Eocene fossil woods may reflect increased water stress during a time of global warmth.Conclusions. Variation in vessel patterning shows clear relationships to climate and environment that can be used in interpreting paleoenvironments. However, understanding adaptive pathways requires consideration of a broader range of anatomical features and functional and developmental constraints.

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Section: Vessel Diametermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Typology of Vessel Patterning in Trees with Examples from the Fossil Record

Woodcock

2022

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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“…The rapid and increasing loss of large-diameter trees is a global phenomenon (Wu et al 2020;Lindenmayer, Laurance, et al 2012b), often accompanied by our lack of knowledge about their old-growth attributes (Scipioni, Salomão, et al 2019b). In several areas not yet intensively explored by scientists, such as some forests of the Amazon (Gorgens et al 2019) and Borneo (Shenkin et al 2019), recent discoveries of surprisingly tall trees over 60 m in height have been made.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old‐growth structural attributes associated with the last giant subtropical conifers in South America

2022

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Giant Araucaria trees in Brazilian Atlantic forests today are rare but remain critically important for structuring these ecosystems, providing unique and rare habitat elements that can serve as points of reference for their management. Old-growth Araucaria trees, with their complex crowns and big trunk cavities, supply more important ecological services than smaller trees with simple crowns. Forest ecology managers lack information on the old-growth structures of Brazilian Araucaria forest, their ecological importance and their potential societal values and uses. In this study, we investigated old-growth attributes of Araucaria angustifolia and relate their wide structural variability to ecological management goals. In this study, we used currently available data on the last large old Araucaria trees, as well as our own new records, from large trees of 1.6-3.2 m diameter in the Araucaria forests in southern Brazil. In order to quantify the structural attributes of these remnant trees, their main trunks, any reiterated canopy trunks and trunk cavities were measured for diameters, heights and volumes. These old-growth trees had an average height of 38.4 m, and total tree volumes ranged from 21.5 to 106.6 m 3 . The biggest reiterated trunk was 1.1 m in diameter and 17 m long, which is larger than most adult Araucaria trees. Number of cavities and number of reiterated trunks were all significantly related to the diameters of these large remnant Araucaria trees; both features are absent in Araucaria <50 cm in diameter. The maximum diameter and average length of reiterated trunks were correlated with the number and size of trunk cavities. Commercial wood values and uses are limited for all trees with main trunk diameters exceeding 1.5 m due to large internal cavities -however, these rare, relictual old-growth structures are of high ecological value for the local fauna and flora.

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“…(Sapindales: Meliaceae), of arboreal size and native to Brazil [ 1 – 3 ], also occurs from Panama and Costa Rica to Argentina [ 4 ]. This plant is classified as ‘vulnerable' to extinction in Brazil by the Ministry of the Environment (MMA), possibly due to overexploitation [ 5 , 6 ]. In Brazil, C. fissilis occurs in the Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes, in deep, moist and well-drained soils [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and estimation of Mastigimas anjosi (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) populations on Cedrela fissilis trees

et al. 2022

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Mastigimas anjosi is an important pest of Cedrela fissilis in the southeastern and southern regions of Brazil. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and natural enemies on the flight activity of adults and the movement of M. anjosi nymphs, with two sampling methods, yellow sticky traps and direct collections on the leaves of C. fissilis trees. The sex ratio of this pest was also assessed. The number of M. anjosi individuals was negatively correlated with the minimum and maximum temperatures, with a population peak in late May and early June 2017. The numbers of individuals of this psyllid was positively correlated with the relative humidity and rainfall. Larvae and adults of Cycloneda sanguinea , Hippodamia convergens adults and Atopozelus opsimus nymphs and adults preyed upon M. anjosi adults and nymphs on C. fissilis leaves in the field. Mastigimas anjosi sex ratio was 0.46. Information about sampling methods of M. anjosi and its natural enemies is presented and can contribute to the integrated management of this pest in the field.

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Decline in Giant Tree Numbers: Status Report for Santa Catarina State and Perspectives for Brazil

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

A Typology of Vessel Patterning in Trees with Examples from the Fossil Record

A Typology of Vessel Patterning in Trees with Examples from the Fossil Record

Old‐growth structural attributes associated with the last giant subtropical conifers in South America

Detection and estimation of Mastigimas anjosi (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) populations on Cedrela fissilis trees

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