Investigation of Dosimetry in Four Human Head Models for Planar Monopole Antenna with a Coupling Feed for LTE/WWAN/WLAN Internal Mobile Phone

Belrhiti, Lakbir; Riouch, Fatima; Tribak, Abdelwahed; Terhzaz, Jaouad; Mediavilla, A.

doi:10.1590/2179-10742017v16i2748

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In this study, three human head models have been used. The first model is a homogeneous spherical head model with a diameter of 200 mm, composed of a glass shell with 5 mm thickness and dielectric constant εr = 4.6 and a sphere with 95 mm radius as the head equivalent materials [30, 31]. Properties of the head tissue-equivalent dielectric and the glass shell are given in Table 3 [30–33].…”

Section: Sar Analysis Of the Proposed Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-profile planar monopole internal antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS/IMT/UMTS/WLAN/ISM/LTE operation in the Mobile phones

Belrhiti¹,

Riouch²,

Tribak³

et al. 2018

Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol.

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In this paper, a novel low-profile planar monopole internal antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS/ IMT/UMTS/WLAN/ISM/LTE operation in the mobile phones is designed and developed. The proposed antenna is composed of multi-branches, F-shaped slots in the system ground plane and tapered feeding line which can improve the impedance matching at the feeding point. The antenna occupying a small area of 18.5 × 46 mm2 is placed on the top no-ground portion of the system circuit board, which makes it suitable for practical mobile applications. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and tested. In addition, the planar monopole antenna can provide two wide lower and upper bands to respectively cover the frequency range of 848–1152 MHz, and 1736–3000 MHz, for the GSM850/GSM900/DCS1800/PCS1900/IMT2000/UMTS2100/WLAN2400/ISM2450/LTE2300/LTE2500 operation in the mobile phone. Good radiation patterns and antenna peak gain for frequencies over the operating bands have been observed. The antenna is simulated and designed by using Ansoft HFSS and CST Microwave Studio. Details of the antenna design, results on the reflection coefficient, radiation characteristics, directivity, antenna gain, realized gain, and efficiency of the antenna are given and discussed. Finally, the specific absorption rate (SAR) of the proposed antenna placed at the bottom of the mobile phone is also investigated. The obtained SAR values meet the limit of 1.6 W/kg for the 1 g head tissue and 2.0 W/kg for the 10 g head tissue.

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Section: Sar Analysis Of the Proposed Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-profile planar monopole internal antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS/IMT/UMTS/WLAN/ISM/LTE operation in the Mobile phones

Belrhiti¹,

Riouch²,

Tribak³

et al. 2018

Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol.

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show abstract

“…For this research, we implemented two human head models. The first model is a homogenous spherical head model with a radius of 100 mm, consists of a glass shell with 5 mm thickness and dielectric constant ε r = 4.6, and a sphere with 95 mm radius as the head equivalent materials [26, 27]. Properties of the head tissue-equivalent dielectric and the glass shell are presented in Table 3 [26–28].…”

Section: Sar Analysis Of the Proposed Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal compact printed loop antenna for WWAN/WLAN/ISM/LTE smartphone applications

Belrhiti

Riouch

Tribak

et al. 2017

Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol.

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In this paper, we designed and developed a novel internal compact printed loop antenna for WWAN/WLAN/ISM/LTE smartphone applications. The proposed antenna is composed of a meander loop antenna and a capacitively coupled feeding line. It has a planar structure, with an overall dimension of 120 × 60 mm2, the antenna portion occupying a size of 20 × 60 mm2, which makes it suitable for practical smartphone applications. The results of our measurement reveal that the prototype antenna can provide two wide frequency bands of 712–1078 and 1757–2930 MHz, which cover multi-band for GSM850/GSM900/DCS1800/PCS1900/UMTS2100/IMT2000/WLAN2400/ISM2450/LTE700/LTE2300/ LTE2500. The antenna also shows good radiation characteristics and gain peaks for frequencies over the desired operating bands. We also studied the specific absorption rate (SAR) of the proposed antenna placed at the bottom of a mobile phone. The obtained SAR values are all below the SAR limit of 1.6 W/kg for the 1 g head tissue and 2.0 W/kg for the 10 g head tissue. We used CST Microwave Studio and Ansoft HFSS for the simulation and the design of the antenna and present in this paper the details of the design considerations, as well as the results on the reflection coefficient, the surface current distributions, the radiation characteristics, and the gain of the proposed antenna.

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“…In the literature of recent times under the Specific Absorption Rate absorbed by various human head models, the long-term exposure of radiation on the human head by analyzing SAR reduction for voice calling, messaging, and video calling features for GSM 900 and 1800 bands for only one adult head model was suggested by Tamim et al in [12]. The authors of the article Belrhiti et al in [13] have reported SAR with four different adult human head models exposed to radiation for Wireless LAN applications. For carrying out SAR assessment, software simulation tools were used in the reported literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Computation of Sar in Human Head With Transparent Shields Using Transmission Line Method

Spandana¹,

Jayasree²

2021

PIER M

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The tremendous proliferation of mobile smartphone handsets and their usage worldwide makes human life comfortable, while the radiation hazards associated with them are alarming, especially among children. There is a necessity to minimize the Electro Magnetic Field (EMF) radiation levels. For the evaluation of Radio Frequency (RF) radiation from the mobile phone, one of the dosimetric parameters used is the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). The RF radiation can be mitigated by incorporating a barrier or a shield of suitable material in the mobile handset design. In the proposed work, the analysis of SAR evaluation absorbed by the human head is determined with the performance of the shielding material called Shielding Effectiveness (SE) using Transmission Line Method (TLM) mathematically. The proposed shielding materials are composed of flexible and transparent thin films. Flexible and transparent thin shielding materials are advantageous over the other shielding materials in reduced size, less weight, non-corrosiveness, and easy processing. These materials include highly conductive Silver film, Silver Nanowire (AgNW) doped with PDDA (poly(diallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride)) polymer single shields, and a laminated shield comprising AgNW/PDDA with PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)poly-styrene sulfonate) polymer as lamination. The SARs of planar multi-layered human head models for different ages are estimated at various mobile frequencies with these shields. Under four-layered head models at 6 GHz, adult and child heads absorb 0.0006 W/kg and 0.000024 W/kg of RF radiation using pristine Silver film as a single shield. Using a single shield of Ag nanowire and PDDA, the adult and child heads absorb SARs of 0.00058 W/kg and 0.000023 W/kg, respectively. With the laminated shield of AgNW/PDDA and PEDOT:PSS as coating material, the same models are exposed to minimal amounts of 0.00054 W/kg and 0.000012 W/Kg of SAR. At 6 GHz frequency, under seven-layered head models, adult and child heads absorb 0.000047 W/kg and 0.000002 W/kg of power, respectively, using Ag film. With AgNW/PDDA shield, the adult and child heads absorb SARs of 0.000046 W/kg and 0.0000019 W/kg, respectively. The SAR of 0.000043 W/kg and a negligible value of 0.0000018 W/kg are absorbed by adult and child heads individually with the help of AgNW/PDDA/PEDOT:PSS laminated shield. The results exhibit a significant amount of reduction in Specific Absorption Rate with transparent shielding materials compared to SAR absorbed by the head without any shield. This maximum RF exposure rate reduction from mobile phones with the Ag Nanowire/PDDA/PEDOT:PSS laminated shield is achieved for a seven-layered child head model.

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Investigation of Dosimetry in Four Human Head Models for Planar Monopole Antenna with a Coupling Feed for LTE/WWAN/WLAN Internal Mobile Phone

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

A Low-profile planar monopole internal antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS/IMT/UMTS/WLAN/ISM/LTE operation in the Mobile phones

A Low-profile planar monopole internal antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS/IMT/UMTS/WLAN/ISM/LTE operation in the Mobile phones

Internal compact printed loop antenna for WWAN/WLAN/ISM/LTE smartphone applications

Numerical Computation of Sar in Human Head With Transparent Shields Using Transmission Line Method

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