Etched FBG written in multimode fibers: sensing characteristics and applications in the liquid fuels sector

Corotti, Raquel de Paiva; Thaler, Juliana; Kalinowski, Hypolito José; Müller, Márcia; Fabris, José Luí­s; Kamikawachi, Ricardo Canute

doi:10.1590/2179-10742015v14i1426

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) have been demonstrated as optical sensors for various applications [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], especially for chemical and biochemical sensing [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. In various chemical and biochemical applications, refractive index sensing is important, since several substances can be detected by the measurement of the refractive indices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of the Fiber Laser Sensor System Based on Etched-Bragg Grating Sensing Probe for Determination of the Low Nitrate Concentration in Water

Pham

Bui

Le³

et al. 2016

Sensors

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The necessity of environmental protection has stimulated the development of many kinds of methods allowing the determination of different pollutants in the natural environment, including methods for determining nitrate in source water. In this paper, the characteristics of an etched fiber Bragg grating (e-FBG) sensing probe—which integrated in fiber laser structure—are studied by numerical simulation and experiment. The proposed sensor is demonstrated for determination of the low nitrate concentration in a water environment. Experimental results show that this sensor could determine nitrate in water samples at a low concentration range of 0–80 ppm with good repeatability, rapid response, and average sensitivity of 3.5 × 10−3 nm/ppm with the detection limit of 3 ppm. The e-FBG sensing probe integrated in fiber laser demonstrates many advantages, such as a high resolution for wavelength shift identification, high optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR of 40 dB), narrow bandwidth of 0.02 nm that enhanced accuracy and precision of wavelength peak measurement, and capability for optical remote sensing. The obtained results suggested that the proposed e-FBG sensor has a large potential for the determination of low nitrate concentrations in water in outdoor field work.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of the Fiber Laser Sensor System Based on Etched-Bragg Grating Sensing Probe for Determination of the Low Nitrate Concentration in Water

Pham

Bui

Le³

et al. 2016

Sensors

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“…Despite our previous work with EFBG inscribed in multimode fibres (MMF) showing high potential for sensing higher RI, the increase in its sensitivity when compared with an EFBG inscribed in a SMF is not addressed [21]. Due to the MMFs' larger core diameters, these fibres have a greater mode field diameter (MFD) when compared with SMF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Experimental and numerical study on refractive index sensors based on fibre Bragg gratings inscribed in multimode fibre

Kuhne

Rocha

Oliveira

et al. 2018

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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In this work is reported the experimental and numerical results of the refractive index response of etched fibre Bragg gratings written in a graded index multimode fibre. The responses of the modes coupled by the grating inscribed in a multimode fibre are compared with the mode coupled by a grating inscribed in single mode fibre. The results of this study show that the refractive index sensitivity and the dynamical range of etched fibre Bragg gratings written in multimode fibres are higher than the ones verified in single-mode fibres. The determination of oil-biodiesel blend concentrations are also compared as an example of practical applications. It is shown that a greater core diameter of the multimode fibre enables the Bragg gratings to exhibit enhanced sensitivity without requiring further fibre diameter reduction.

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“…Optical fiber sensors offer very attractive solutions over conventional measurement technologies due to some unique characteristics such as multiplexing capabilities, high sensitivity, fast response, and immunity to electromagnetic interference, and enable remote in situ sensing of species in difficult or hazardous environments [1,2]. Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) have been demonstrated as optical sensors for various applications [3][4][5][6][7][8][9], especially for chemical and biochemical sensing [10][11][12][13][14][15]. In various chemical and biochemical applications, refractive index sensing is important since several substances can be detected by the measurement of refractive indices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel method of dual fiber Bragg gratings integrated in fiber ring laser for biochemical sensors

Bui

Pham

Nguyen

et al. 2018

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Optical sensors have been shown to be very effective for measuring the toxic content in liquid and air environments. Optical sensors, which operate based on the wavelength shift of the optical signals, require an expensive spectrometer. In this paper, we propose a new configuration of the optical sensor device for measuring wavelength shift without using a spectrometer. This configuration has a large potential for application in biochemical sensing techniques, and comes with a low cost. This configuration uses dual fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) integrated in a fiber ring laser structure of erbium-doped fiber, in which one FBG is used as a reference to sweep over the applicable spectrum of the etched-Bragg grating. The etched-FBG as a sensing probe is suitable for bio- and/or chemical sensors. The sensitivity and accuracy of the sensor system can be improved by the narrow linewidth of emission spectra from the laser, the best limit of detection of this sensor is 1.5 × 10−4 RIU (RIU: refractive index unit), as achieved by the optical sensor using a high resolution spectrometer. This sensor system has been experimentally investigated to detect different types of organic compounds, gasoline, mixing ratios of organic solvents in gasoline, and nitrate concentration in water samples. The experimental results show that this sensing method could determine different mixing ratios of organic solvents with good repeatability, high accuracy, and rapid response: e.g. for ethanol and/or methanol in gasoline RON 92 (RON: research octane number) of 0%–14% v/v, and nitrate in water samples at a low concentration range of 0–50 ppm. These results suggest that the proposed configuration can construct low-cost and accurate biochemical sensors.

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Etched FBG written in multimode fibers: sensing characteristics and applications in the liquid fuels sector

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Characteristics of the Fiber Laser Sensor System Based on Etched-Bragg Grating Sensing Probe for Determination of the Low Nitrate Concentration in Water

Characteristics of the Fiber Laser Sensor System Based on Etched-Bragg Grating Sensing Probe for Determination of the Low Nitrate Concentration in Water

Experimental and numerical study on refractive index sensors based on fibre Bragg gratings inscribed in multimode fibre

Novel method of dual fiber Bragg gratings integrated in fiber ring laser for biochemical sensors

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