Corrosion behavior of self-ligating and conventional metal brackets

Maia, Luciana Helena; Filho, Hibernon Lopes; Ruellas, Antônio Carlos de Oliveira; Araújo, Mônica Tirre de Souza; Vaitsman, Delmo Santiago

doi:10.1590/2176-9451.19.2.108-114.oar

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, they detected increased nickel levels in the self-ligating group with SmartClips TM compared to the conventional brackets from the same manufacturer (0.11 ppm versus 0.00 ppm) [28]. Surprisingly, SmartClips TM displayed the lowest nickel release after the respective conventional bracket group, even lower as the other conventional bracket systems from distinct manufacturers.…”

Section: +2mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Surprisingly, SmartClips TM displayed the lowest nickel release after the respective conventional bracket group, even lower as the other conventional bracket systems from distinct manufacturers. Anyhow, the authors concluded that the aging process was not differing between groups [28] and these studies were performed without archwires which does not represent the clinical situation. Moreover, the absence of frictional forces between brackets and archwires may lead to reduced Ni +2 levels.…”

Section: +2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nickel ion concentrations in the saliva of patients treated with self-ligating fixed appliances: a prospective cohort study

et al. 2016

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OBJECTIVE Orthodontic appliances are considered to be highly biocompatible although adverse effects attributed to the release of nickel ions (Ni(2+)) have been documented. Self-ligating brackets have grown in popularity for economic reasons and supposed friction reduction. The aim of the present prospective cohort study was therefore to determine salivary Ni(2+) concentrations in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with self-ligating fixed appliances. MATERIALS AND METHODS A group of 30 patients between 10 and 13 years of age were treated with self-ligating brackets (SmartClip™), molar bands, and nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected after different time points (before treatment, after self-ligating bracket and band placement, before archwire insertion, after archwire insertion, and finally 4 and 8 weeks afterwards) and analyzed with an ICP mass spectrometer followed by generalized estimating equation modelling with = 5 %. RESULTS The baseline median salivary Ni(2+) concentration was 21.85 µg/l, while the Ni(2+) concentrations at the following visits ranged between 13.73 and 85.34 µg/l. Significant increases in Ni(2+) levels compared to the baseline levels were detected after band/bracket placement [+59.76 µg/l; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 44.88-74.64 µg/l; P < 0.001] and after archwire insertion (+53.55 µg/l; 95 % CI 25.57-81.52 µg/l; P < 0.001). After 4 weeks, Ni(2+) concentrations returned to initial control levels or were lower. CONCLUSION Self-ligating orthodontic appliances may affect salivary Ni(2+) concentrations in vivo over the short term. However, levels resembled those documented in conjunction with conventional bracket use and remained below the daily dietary Ni intake. 2 Abstract Background and objective: Orthodontic appliances are considered to be highly biocompatible,

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Section: +2mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: +2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel ion concentrations in the saliva of patients treated with self-ligating fixed appliances: a prospective cohort study

et al. 2016

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“…It has been observed that the metal ions released can be incorporated into the hard dental structures, staining them or even causing structural or functional damage to the appliance. For this reason, a primary requirement of any metal alloy is the ability to avoid the production of corrosion products which can be harmful to the body [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorinated Agents Effects on Orthodontic Alloys: A Descriptive In Vitro Study

et al. 2022

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Fluoride-based mouthwashes and gels are preventive measures in countering demineralization and caries but, modifying environmental acidity, can reduce the wet corrosion resistance of orthodontic alloys. To evaluate chemical stability, in vitro experiments were conducted on stainless steel and nickel–titanium wires, weighed before and after immersion in household fluorinated mouthwashes and gels, measuring weight variations and elution of metal ions from acid corrosion phenomena. Elution samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, detecting residual ion concentration, while surface changes were analyzed under scanning electron microscopy. Results showed stainless steel wires do not undergo significant erosion when exposed to most fluorinated mouthwashes but, at prolonged exposure, alloys elute gradually greater amounts of metals and Ni–Ti wires become more sensitive to some mouthwashes. Ions’ elution varies considerably, especially for Ni–Ti wires, if exposed to household fluorinated gels, for which significant negative values were obtained. Changes, affecting wires’ outer layer, negatively act on shiny appearance and luster, reducing corrosion resistance. Although examined orthodontic wires showed good chemical stability and low toxicity, surface corrosion from exposure to fluorinated agents was observed. Home use must be accompanied by clinician prescription and, for household dental gels, must follow manufacturers’ recommendations, ensuring prophylactic action without damaging alloys surfaces.

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“…3,4 These metals are well known to be cytotoxic, mutagenic and allergic agents. 5,6 Biocompatibility studies (in vivo, in vitro and usage tests) aim to evaluate the effects of exposure to the metal ions released from orthodontic appliances to the human body.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace metal ions release from fixed orthodontic appliances and DNA damage in oral mucosa cells by in vivo studies: A literature review

Downarowicz¹,

Mikulewicz²

2017

Adv Clin Exp Med

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An overview of professional literature referring to the release of metal ions from fixed orthodontic appliances and their influence on oral mucosa in conditions of in vivo are presented, along with a detailed analysis of the exposure of the cells of cheek mucosa epithelium to metal ions. Electronic databases (PubMed, Elsevier, Ebsco) were searched with no language restrictions. The relevant orthodontic journals and reference lists were checked for all eligible studies. A total of 38 scientific articles were retrieved in the initial search. However, only 7 articles met the inclusion criteria. Statistically significant differences in the levels of the amount of nickel ions, cobalt ions and chromium ions were observed in cells of cheek mucosa. The most biocompatible material used in the production of fixed orthodontic appliances is titanium, and the least biocompatible material is steel, which releases the largest amount of nickel and chromium. Metal ions are released from fixed orthodontic appliances only in the first phase of treatment. It is recommended to conduct further, long-term research on a larger number of patients to define the influence of using fixed orthodontic appliances and biological effect they might have on tissues.

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Corrosion behavior of self-ligating and conventional metal brackets

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Nickel ion concentrations in the saliva of patients treated with self-ligating fixed appliances: a prospective cohort study

Nickel ion concentrations in the saliva of patients treated with self-ligating fixed appliances: a prospective cohort study

Fluorinated Agents Effects on Orthodontic Alloys: A Descriptive In Vitro Study

Trace metal ions release from fixed orthodontic appliances and DNA damage in oral mucosa cells by in vivo studies: A literature review

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