Nicotine effect on bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement: Histological study in rats

Abstract

IntroductionNicotine is harmful to angiogenesis, osteogenesis and synthesis of collagen.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nicotine on bone remodeling during orthodontic movement in rats.MethodsEighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Group C (control), group CM (with orthodontic movement) and group NM (nicotine with orthodontic movement) groups. The animals comprising groups C and CM received 0.9% saline solution while group NM received nicotine solution (2 mg/kg). A nickel-titanium closed-coil spring was used to induce tooth movement. The animals were euthanized and tissue specimens were processed histologically. We quantified blood vessels, Howship's lacunae and osteoclast-like cells present in the tension and compression areas of periodontal ligaments. The extent of bone formation was evaluated under polarized light to determine the percentage of immature/mature collagen.ResultsWe observed lower blood vessel densities in the NM group in comparison to the CM group, three (p < 0.001) and seven (p < 0.05) days after force application. Osteoclast-like cells and Howship's lacunae in the NM group presented lower levels of expression in comparison to the CM group, with significant differences on day 7 (p < 0.05 for both variables) and day 14 (p < 0.05 for osteoclast-like cells and p < 0.01 for Howship's lacunae). The percentage of immature collagen increased in the NM group in comparison to the CM group with a statistically significant difference on day 3 (p < 0.05), day 7 (p < 0.001), day 14 (p < 0.001) and day 21 (p < 0.001).ConclusionsNicotine affects bone remodeling during orthodontic movement, reducing angiogenesis, osteoclast-like cells and Howship's lacunae, thereby delaying the collagen maturation process in developed bone matrix.

Effect of acute administration of nicotine and ethanol on tooth movement in rats

“…In turn, these immature fibers are remodeled into type I collagen. 8,13,32 In our study, the NEM group showed a significant decrease in type I collagen in the alveolar bone, compared with the SM group (p < 0.05). Our findings corroborate those by Soares et al, 24 who observed that administration of a 10% ethanol solution and 1.25 mg/kg nicotine for 4 weeks had a negative effect on osteogenesis around the implants of the study animals.…”

“…Accordingly, multinucleated TRAP-positive cells in the periodontal ligament adjacent to the alveolar bone were considered as functional osteoclasts and were quantified. 13 For quantification purposes, images of all the periodontal ligament with TRAPpositive cells were captured using an Olympus BX-50 microscope coupled to a Dinolite ® microcamera at 400X magnification. The mean of osteoclasts per square micron was obtained by capturing an image of the whole ligament with the same microscope and microcamera at 50X magnification, and the area of the entire periodontal ligament was quantified using the "count and measure objects" tool of the Image Pro-Plus 4.5 (Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, USA) morphometry program.…”

“…Bakathir et al 12 also applied nicotine for 28 days and performed orthodontic movement for 14 days, and found that nicotine accelerated orthodontic movement, causing an imbalance between reabsorption and bone neoformation. However, Shintcovsk et al 13 evaluated the effect of 2 mg/kg nicotine on tooth movement in rats in a histological study, and observed that nicotine affected bone remodeling, reduced angiogenesis, osteoclasts and Howship's lacunae, and also delayed collagen maturation in the bone matrix.…”

Nicotine inhibits osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells under cyclic tensile stress through canonical Wnt pathway and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

“…Recently, Ng et al demonstrated that nicotine hinders the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells and PDL stem cells through genetic regulation. Shintcovsk et al found that nicotine affects bone remodeling and reduces angiogenesis, osteoclast‐like cells and Howship's lacunae during orthodontic movement, thereby delaying the collagen maturation process in the developed bone matrix. However, Sodagar et al held a contrasting opinion, namely that nicotine accelerates orthodontic tooth movement in a dose‐dependent manner in vivo, possibly accounting for its effect on accelerating bone resorption.…”

Efeito da inalação de fumaça de cigarro no processo de remodelação óssea após expansão rápida da maxila

“…Boa parte da influência negativa da fumaça de cigarro sobre o reparo ósseo tem sido atribuída à nicotina, substância altamente citotóxica e que está presente em maior quantidade na fumaça resultante da queima do cigarro (Giorgetti et al, 2012;Santiago et al, 2017). Diversos estudos in vitro e in vivo demonstraram o efeito inibitório da nicotina na diferenciação dos osteoblastos (Ramp et al, 1988;Pinto et al, 2002;Henemyre et al, 2003, Tanaka et al, 2007Zhou et al, 2013;Shintcovsk et al, 2014). A avaliação in vitro do efeito de altas doses de nicotina sobre a atividade de células precursoras de medula óssea humana culminou em redução na expressão gênica de Bmp-2 e Ocn, o que denota prejuízo no processo de proliferação e diferenciação osteogênica (Shen et al, 2013).…”