“…Rubiaceae, the fourth richest family for species diversity after Orchidaceae, Asteraceae, and Leguminosae, contains about 650 genera and 13,000 species (Rauber et al, 2021). Rubiaceae, also known as the coffee or madder family, include trees, shrubs, herbs, geofrutices, myrmecophiles, epiphytes, and liana species (Vrijdaghs et al, 2020; Batuyong et al, 2021), with a worldwide distribution, mostly in the tropics and subtropics (Bueno et al, 2021).…”