An overview of recent progress in the implementation of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation - a global perspective

Sharrock, Suzanne; Höft, Robert; Dias, Braulio Ferreira de Souza

doi:10.1590/2175-7860201869401

Cited by 34 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…For instance, the United States, France and Australia have a large number of institutions with seed banking and have strong national networks working together to conserve plant diversity (O'Donnell & Sharrock 2017). In megadiverse countries, such as South Africa, a successful National Strategy for Plant Conservation has been accomplished where taxonomists, government agencies and nongovernmental organizations jointly coordinated seed banking of 35% of threatened species by 2013 (Sharrock et al 2014). Mexico, in turn, proposes to conserve 100% of threatened species in botanic gardens by 2030 and 90% of them with propagation and cultivation programs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2011, Australia launched the Seed Bank Partnership and "The 1,000 species project" from a collaborative national effort to bank seeds of 80% of Australian threatened flora by 2020 (CHABG 2011). Overall, Australia and New Zealand had already banked 56% of threatened species by 2013 (Sharrock et al 2014). China established the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in 2008 from a nationwide seed-collecting network that includes 71 research institutions to store 10,000 national species in seed banks by 2020; 8,855 species were successfully banked by 2014, which represents about 30% of the country's vascular plant diversity (Cai 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ex situ conservation of threatened plants in Brazil: a strategic plan to achieve Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation

et al. 2018

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With increasing rates of habitat destruction and species loss, ex situ conservation is gaining global momentum and reluctance in relying on ex situ conservation is rapidly giving way to a more optimistic, strategic view. Target 8 of the Global Strategy of Plant Conservation calls for at least 75 percent of threatened plant species in accessible ex situ collections, preferably in the country of origin, and 20 percent of them included in recovery and restoration programs. Here, we provide updated information on Brazil's progress towards Target 8 through a nationwide examination of how many threatened species were conserved in ex situ collections in Brazil. Our data comprised whole plants (living collections), seed (seed banks) and tissue cultures (in vitro). Of the 2,113 threatened species, at least 452 (21.4%) species were conserved in ex situ collections, an increase in 4% of living organisms and 96% of seeds when compared to a previous assessment. Since it is unlikely Brazil will achieve Target 8 by 2020, we also discuss public policies and strategies to help overcome key bottlenecks preventing its achievement and propose revised goals for the GSPC 2020-2030.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex situ conservation of threatened plants in Brazil: a strategic plan to achieve Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation

et al. 2018

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“…Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina are signatories of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), following the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) and are directly dealing with plant knowledge, use and conservancy in their territories (Sharrock et al, 2018). Enormous efforts have been undertaken in Brazil to achieve some targets for the development of a functional and widely accessible list of all known plant species of the country (Forzza et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond endemism, expanding conservation efforts: a relictual Pleistocene distribution and first report of the prickly pear cactus, Opuntia bonaerensis, in Brazil and Uruguay

Köhler

Esser

Font

et al. 2020

Preprint

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21Geographical range is one of the critical features for species conservation assessment. 22 Nevertheless, species distribution is frequently unknown, undervalued or overlooked. During a 23 broad taxonomic and floristic study of the southern South American prickly pear species 24 (Opuntia spp.), new records of a previously endemic Argentinian taxon have been found in 25 Uruguay and Brazil. Molecular phylogenetic inference was carried out to further evaluate the 26 identity of the new records, and ecological niche models were implemented to test how the new 27 records would fit in the previous known distribution of the species. Through molecular and 28 morphological evidence, we confirmed the new records of Opuntia bonaerensis for Brazilian and 29 Uruguayan floras and discussed its phylogenetic relationship and morphologic similarities with 30 closely related species. Our new records uncovered a distributional pattern congruent with the 31 Neotropical Peripampasic Orogenic Arc, which must be further explored to better determine the 32 biogeographic history of the species. Ecological niche models (ENM) revealed that O. 33 bonaerensis had a putative ancient distribution across the grasslands and shrublands in the 34 Pampean region largely congruent with the populations found in Brazil and Uruguay, suggesting 35 relictual Pleistocene populations of the species and the role of glacial/interglacial cycles on the 36 distribution of the species. In a prospective climate change scenario, ENM suggests that the 37 species would in general be more restricted to the southernmost limits of the Pampa region and 38 previous outlying records from Mendoza (Argentina) are a putative future refuge for O. 39 bonaerensis. The importance of these new records for biodiversity and conservation assessment 40 efforts that are ongoing at different scales in Brazil and neighbor areas is highlighted.41 3

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“…We are also approaching a stable taxonomy for plants driven, as so often in biology, by exponential advances in molecular biology (most notably genomics) and information technology. It is entirely possible that we will have a consensus‐based world checklist of plants by 2020—Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (Sharrock, Oldfield, & Wilson, ). This is not to say that there is no more plant taxonomy to do but it does mean that we are approaching a point where the majority of plant taxa have been described and given unambiguous names.…”

Section: How Did We Get Here?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenge for botanic garden science

Smith

2018

Plants People Planet

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Societal Impact Statement Plants are fundamental to solving many of humanity's most important challenges: food insecurity, water scarcity, energy, health, and climate change. With more than 20% of the world's plant species currently threatened with extinction, the loss of plant diversity will result in reduced options for human innovation, adaptation, and resilience. The world's botanic gardens already conserve and manage around a third of all known plant species in their living collections as well as seed banks as an insurance policy against extinction and as a resource to support scientific research. This work needs to be expanded rapidly if we are to avoid further plant species extinctions. Summary Historically, botanic garden science has been dominated by the disciplines of economic botany and taxonomy. Today, with around 20% of plant species threatened with extinction, the author argues that unless botanic gardens shift their efforts toward the conservation, management and use of plants, the loss of plant diversity will stifle human innovation, adaptation, and resilience. The enormous body of taxonomic knowledge, skills, data, and collections built up over the past two centuries is fundamental to managing plant diversity. These resources need to be used to address challenges such as food insecurity, water scarcity, renewable energy, human health, biodiversity conservation, and climate change. At a time when botanic gardens are increasingly seen as visitor attractions, rather than scientific institutions, refocusing their efforts is in the best interests of botanic gardens as well as those of broader society. The author gives examples of how botanic gardens are already supplying crop wild relatives to plant breeders; using their living collections to assess resilience to climate change and vulnerability to pests and diseases; and conserving rare and threatened plant species for future use. However, in spite of these efforts, only a small fraction of the estimated 60,000 plant scientists and specialist horticulturists in the world's botanic gardens are engaged in scientific research that has demonstrable impact on how we conserve or manage plant diversity. The author argues that it is time for botanic gardens to develop a new contract with society—a contract that delivers outcomes for society that only botanic gardens, as custodians of the world's plant diversity, can deliver.

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An overview of recent progress in the implementation of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation - a global perspective

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

Ex situ conservation of threatened plants in Brazil: a strategic plan to achieve Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation

Ex situ conservation of threatened plants in Brazil: a strategic plan to achieve Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation

Beyond endemism, expanding conservation efforts: a relictual Pleistocene distribution and first report of the prickly pear cactus, Opuntia bonaerensis, in Brazil and Uruguay

The challenge for botanic garden science

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