Ferns and lycophytes from Serra dos Carajás, an Eastern Amazonian mountain range

Abstract

In the state of Pará (Brazil), until the beginning of last decade little was known about the composition of the fern and lycophyte flora. The ferruginous mountains of Carajás are located in Southeastern Pará, mostly inserted in the Floresta Nacional de Carajás. The objective of this work is to present a complete and updated list of fern and lycophyte species occurring in all vegetation types from Carajás ferruginous mountains as a contribution to the knowledge of these plant groups from the Brazilian Amazon. The species list was based on specimens collected between 2007 and 2013. About 1068 specimens deposited in the BHCB Herbarium were studied. A total of 186 species of pteridophytes were recorded, 175 species of ferns distributed in 22 families and 68 genera, and 11 species of lycophytes distributed in three families and four genera. The fern and lycophyte flora of Serra dos Carajás region corresponds to 64% of the Pará state flora of these groups and 34% of the Brazilian Amazon fern and lycophyte flora. Seven taxa are presented as new records for Pará state: Asplenium abscissum, A. otites, A. praemorsum, Blechnum lanceola, Elaphoglossum minutum, Doryopteris collina, and Hemionitis tomentosa. Three species are endemic to Serra dos Carajás, Isoetes cangae, I. serracarajensis, and Selaginella stomatoloma.

Unravelling the plant diversity of the Amazonian canga through DNA barcoding

“…Plant materials for the DNA barcode procedures Preferentially, young leaf tissues were sampled for the DNA extractions, although either other vegetative or reproductive structures were employed when needed, as in the case of species of Cactaceae and Eriocaulaceae, for instance. A total of 1,179 specimens of vascular plants from 120 families, 343 genera and 577 species were collected in the Serra dos Carajás and other relevant regions in Eastern Amazon, state of Pará, Brazil (Supplementary Table S1), as part of the FCC project (Viana et al, 2016;Mota et al, 2018;Salino et al, 2018), under ICMBio/MMA permit numbers 47856-2, 48272-6, 53990-1 and 63324-1. Approximately 55% of those samples (645 specimens from 96 families, 243 genera and 370 species) were used to test seven different cpDNA regions (the genes mat K, rbc L, rpo B, and rpo C1, and the intergenic spacers atp F-atp H, psb K-psb I and trn H-psb A) and the ITS2 intergenic region (Supplementary Tables S1 and S2).…”

“…This project provided complete floristic treatments for 116 angiosperm families, comprising approximately 900 species (Mota et al, 2018), a number considerably higher than the initial estimate of around 600 species (Viana et al, 2016). Other vascular plant groups detailed in the FCC included 175 ferns in 22 families, 11 lycophytes in three families (Salino et al, 2018), and a single gymnosperm, Gnetum nodiflorum Brongn. (Gnetaceae), a liana widely distributed in the Brazilian Amazon (Mota & Giulietti, 2017).…”

Plant species on Amazonian canga habitats of Serra Arqueada: the contribution of an isolated outcrop to the floristic knowledge of the Carajás region, Pará, Brazil

“…In the Amazonian Rainforest context, the Flora of the canga of the Serra dos Carajás project (FCC) has organized an original dataset, resulting from extensive collection effort to document the flora of canga mountaintop habitats. This project recorded 89 species of bryophytes, 186 ferns and lycophytes and 856 seed plants (Mota et al 2018;Oliveirada-Silva and Ilkiu-Borges 2018;Salino et al 2018), representing a total of 1131 species, and represents the only example of a complete floristic treatment carried out for this habitat type in Brazil.…”

Sinopse de Licófitas e Samambaias do Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará, Brasil

“…Para as samambaias e licófitas, particularmente, este padrão se mantém, e poucos são ainda os trabalhos que tratem da diversidade de samambaias e licófitas na Amazônia. Em geral estes trabalhos são levantamentos para regiões específicas do bioma, como aqueles realizados na região de Belém do Pará (Costa & Pietrobom 2007, 2010, na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke (Costa & Prado 2005a, b;Freitas & Windisch 2005;Prado & Freitas 2005a, b;Prado & Labiak 2005;Prado 2005a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n), nas cangas da Serra dos Carajás (Góes-Neto et al 2016;Moura & Salino 2016a, b;Salino & Arruda 2016a, b, c, d, e;Salino et al 2018), e na REBio Uatumã (Zuquim et al 2008).…”